The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Gender-based roles are well-defined. Divide students into small groups and have them mark the migration journey of the Lost Boys.Make sure each group has one set of outline maps of Sudan, Africa, the world, and the United States. Sudanese society is patriarchal in nature. Ultimate authority lay with the sultan, who could depose officials beneath him when their power became a threat to his dominance. by Lindsay Maizland Notwithstanding its flaws, it should have been protected. Civil War. Show them the excerpts "Sense of Place and Community," "Cultural Differences," and "Responsibility and Leadership."3. Sudan is home to around 43,120,843 individuals. Ask: What words would you use to describe American culture? In the United States, the Lost Boys faced many challenges while adapting to their new lives and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. Because of the continual raids and wars between segments, a chieftainship, with the power to use force to maintain peace, was established. How and why does political identity default to ethnic identity in conflicts like the civil war in South Sudan? Kawari is the most popular soup and is made of cattle's or sheep's hoofs, spices, and vegetables. It found crimes against humanity and war crimes committed by all sides. Though largely taking a back seat in mediation efforts run by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and neighboring countries, the United States and its international partners have an interest in ensuring a lasting settlement to the conflict in South Sudan, addressing the humanitarian crisis caused by the war, and preventing destabilizing regional spillover. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Sudan has one of Africas best basketball teams. What has the international response to the crisis been? Similar patterns were also made on the upper arms of successful hunters. In response, the government equipped and supported Arab militiaswhich came to be known as Janjaweed (also . Second, that funds would be there to make it materially worthwhile for them to participate in a power-sharing agreementbut the country has actually gone off the macro-economic cliff and into meltdown. The key to an understanding of contemporary Sudanese culture is diversity. Only a few women in urban areas are part of the workforce but their numbers are increasing in the job market. You cannot download interactives. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) states that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including domestic violence and alcohol abuse, increases in such circumstances. They are taught gender-based skills at an early age. Contact Us. And if it needed to be revised, it needed to be revised through discussion. South Sudans President Salva Kiir (L), Sudans President Omar al-Bashir (2L), Somalias President Mohammad Abdullahi Mohammad (R), and Egypts Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli (2R) look on after offering flowers at John Garang Mausoleum during a peace ceremony in Juba, South Sudan on October 31, 2018. Diplomacy, the art of maintaining peaceful relationships without the use of violence, can help turn conflict into cooperation. They discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities. the process of adopting the traits of a cultural group. Find out if there are any Lost Boys in your community or region. Point out northern and southern Sudan. Among the many projects to provide for the immediate needs of displaced people, the emergency response team is working to ensure that all people in displacement camps have a clean water source less than 1km from their temporary dwelling. by Lindsay Maizland 4. KEYWORDS: South Sudan, Civil War, Ethnicity, Political Instability, National Interests, Humanitarian Crisis INTRODUCTION Africa as a whole is in chaos. World Relief strictly prohibits and does not tolerate unlawful discrimination against employees on the basis of persons race, color, sex, national origin, age, disability, genetic information, or any other characteristic protected under applicable federal, state, or local law, which does not conflict with the protections afforded World Relief as a faith-based employer. Clan members intermarried with each other, although clan exogamy was formerly the rule. All rights reserved. with Jeremi Suri What cultural aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? The United States was a lead facilitator of South Sudanese independence, which was decided in a 2011 referendum, and provided diplomatic support and humanitarian aid. transportation of people to a new residential area, usually following a natural or man-made disaster. Read more summary. And indeed, all the evidence we have is that they are committing the same crimes. In 2014, the AU itself carried out an investigation into violations of human rights and international humanitarian law during the armed conflict. The Global Conflict Tracker is an interactive guide to ongoing conflicts around the world of concern to the United States with background information and resources. Point out the homeland of the Dinkain southern Sudan along the White Nile. If you do not have enough time, encourage students to watch the film at home on their own.5. It also reflects the ethnic diversity of the countrys population. Feuding between hill communities was constant, but members of the same hill community could not kill one another. Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan. Children are highly valued in Sudanese society. agile cross-sectoral public finance management. If you look at the public expenditure per capita of South Sudan at independence, it was eight or nine times higher than that in Ethiopia. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The country was also among the first few teams to start the game of football in Africa. And on that basis, then [they can] begin a process of national political dialogue and nation-building, backed by the military force of neighboring countries. The protests broadened into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had been in charge for 30 years - and his government. The latter has a religious overtone and are usually related to praising Muhammad. While women and girls in Sudan already face challenges due to their gender, these challenges become more pronounced when they are living in displacement camps as a result of violence in their communities. In 1991 his forces were involved in a major massacre of Dinkas, the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. Barrie novel, and the media picked up on this; the group is now known collectively as The Lost Boys of Sudan. Review the vocabulary in this new context.3. And the most sensible proposal for that is for the regional protection force to take control of the capital city and remove other armed groups there, and create within the capital city a protected space for political dialogue, civic dialogue, where all South Sudanese civil and political forces can be represented in a nonviolent manner. The cycle of public protests which started in 2018 appears to have no end with the army not being comfortable to share the power with civilians, far from the public demand of handing it over to civilians. Have students watch the excerpt and write about it.Show students the excerpt and have them list their questions about the video and its content as they watch. The ruling parties have been predominately military regimes favouring Islamic-oriented policies, in distinct contrast to the beliefs and practices of the primarily Christian south where churches and schools were established by Italian Catholic missionaries and . Each village had a council of elders who decided minor cultivation disputes and enforced their decisions by advice and warning. World Relief is both an equal opportunity employer and a faith-based religious organization. Among the Humr Baqqrah, members of the smallest lineage (surra), together with their dependents, formed a single camp. Despite sporadic violations over the ensuing weeks, Kiir and Machar signed a final cease-fire and power-sharing agreement in August 2018. Ask: What physical aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? Students summaries should include: Students map the migration journey of the Lost Boys and Girls. Popular music, hip hop, Southern Sudanese modern music, and modern tribal music are popular among the Sudanese youth today, especially in the urban areas. They had a valid case to argue, but to cut off the source of 98 percent of your revenue when you are very politically fragile is insaneabsolutely insane. Read about our approach to external linking. How Bad Is Ukraines Humanitarian Crisis a Year Later? READ DIRECTIONS Activity 2: Mapping the Migration of the Lost Boys 45 mins Students map the migration journey of the Lost Boys and Girls. If possible, find other examples of Sudanese and Dinka cultural markers to share with students. Sustainability Policy| February 13, 2023 Terracotta sculptures from Sudan are also noteworthy. Whatever you may think of the Ethiopian governmentand their human rights record leaves a lot to be desiredif you go to Ethiopia, you see that that money is being used for public gooda lot of infrastructure, a lot of health servicesa huge physical material transformation of the country and economic development. Jeanne Wallace-Weaver, Educational Consultant, adapted from the National Geographic Xpeditions lessons God Grew Tired of Us: Migration and Cultural Interaction and God Grew Tired of Us: Culture Clash and Community-Building. Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History, This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. 3. And the specific reason why it did so in South Sudan was both the legacy of previous conflict, where groups had been organized on an ethnic basis. 1. Michelle Gavin, the Ralph Bunche senior fellow for Africa policy studies at the Council, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the impact of climate change in the Horn of Africa. Relief workers called them the Lost Boys after the characters in the J.M. In all these poorly institutionalized societies, thats what tends to happen. Porridge made of corn or wheat might also be consumed with stews. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. This lesson targets the following skills: The resources are also available at the top of the page. Our emergency response thus far has included provision of potable water andemergency latrines, hygiene promotion training, mobile health services for pregnant women and children under fiveand distribution of basic non-food items for 39,000 internally displaced persons. Have a whole-class discussion about the needs of your community and what type of service would be most beneficial. The UN said at least 60 were killed in the attack. Brigadier General Lemi Lomukaya (front R) of the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO), a South Sudanese antigovernment force, poses with rebels at a base in Birigo, on the South Sudanese side of the border with Uganda, on September 22, 2018. Kissra is usually consumed with a stew and together constitute the most popular everyday meal of Sudan. Introduce and watch three excerpts from God Grew Tired of Us.Tell students that they will watch three excerpts from God Grew Tired of Us. Most South Sudanese people share a cultural connection based on their common practice of Christianity, and the experience of struggle and liberation from North Sudan. And the groups that had organized around the president, the militias, including the Mathiang Anyoor or the brown caterpillar, who carried out the massacres in Juba in the first days of the conflict in December 2013they had organized on an ethnic basis. Then discuss the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to Sudans civil war and some of the consequences the civil warwhich lasted over twenty yearshad on Sudan and its peoples, including orphaned children, violence, famine, and disease. Soldiers from the Dinka ethnic group aligned with Kiir and those from the Nuer ethnic group supported Machar. In reaction to overwhelming violence against civilians in the civil war, the UN peacekeeping mission in the country (UNMISS) established large-scale camps meant to protect civilians from ongoing violence. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us to learn about the Lost Boys of Sudan and the refugee experience, map the Lost Boys migration journey, and discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. The Council on Foreign Relations'Nigeria Security Tracker is an effort to catalog and map political violence based on a weekly survey of Nigerian and international press. Then ask students to write a brief summary describing who the Lost Boys are and what they experienced. The marriage was usually dissolved by the total refund of the bridewealth to the former husband. So South Sudan should, in my view, be suspended from the African Union. In 1977, oil was found in south-western Sudan, but the civil war in the 1980s and 1990s stopped most of the examination and expansion of the oil deposits. Then discuss the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to Sudans civil war and some of the consequences the civil warwhich lasted over twenty yearshad on Sudan and its peoples, including orphaned children, violence, famine, and disease. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Revolution, unrest and war have ravaged Sudan's history since its independence from British and Egyptian rule in 1956. by Richard Haass Go to National Geographic's Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading aloud the information. Women and girls may be attacked as they look for firewood or water outside the camp, and As financial resources are depleted, adolescent girls are married off at increasingly younger ages. 2023 BBC. A video of a young woman standing on the roof of a car and leading the chants was widely shared on social media. This only increased during World War I, leading to the utter collapse of the Tsarist rgime in 1917 and an era of civil war. Go to National Geographic's Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading aloud the information. Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA) soldiers and a journalist leave a helicopter after a flight to Bor, in Juba, South Sudan on January 25, 2014. They may attack with little or no warning, targeting foreign and local government facilities, and areas frequented by Westerners. Since reprioritizing protection, the UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan has faced extreme challenges due to the deterioration of the security situation and its complex relationship with the government of the Republic of South Sudan. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. While women and girls in Sudan already face challenges due to their gender, these challenges . Annual Lecture on China: Frayed RelationsThe United States and China, Virtual Event With the exception of the Chungur clan, which was the traditional holder of the hereditary chieftainship, all clans were socially of equal order. John Dau, a former "Lost Boy," works to help others in his immigrant community as well as at home in South Sudan. 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