However, conditions such as infections, cancer, and other medical problems can also result in a positive ANA test. The cause of lupus in most cases, however, is unknown. The patterns seen are as follows: Homogenous: The entire nucleus is stained with ANA. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The ANA needs to be interpreted in the clinical setting to be properly evaluated. Yilmaz et al. (2009) 5:82331. Meanwhile it's too soon to be worried about it. The presence other ENA specificitiesat a significant level has clinical relevance specific to those antibodies. Your email address will not be published. Homogenous: The entire nucleus is stained with ANA. WebEUROIMMUN hep2 cell substrate in iif Hep2 Cell Substrate In Iif, supplied by EUROIMMUN, used in various techniques. Causes of a false-positive ANA include infection, malignancy, and certain medications. Epub 2019 May 7. We wish you the best of health. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. Speckled: Fine and coarse speckles of ANA staining are seen throughout the nucleus. pattern suggests presence of dfs70; icap nomenclature: ac-2,4,5,29 thanks? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. An ANA test may be used to help diagnose autoimmune disorders, such as MS. Scleroderma a connective tissue disease. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". I can give you some information though in the mean time. Inhomogeneities are caused when artificial changes affect the statistical properties of the observations through time. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. But some people have positive ANA tests even when theyre healthy. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. However, it is sensitive and does detect these antibodies in 97 percent of people with the disease. Positive Autoantibody Is Associated with Malignancies in Patients with Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Recognition and relevance of anti-dfs70 autoantibodies in routine antinuclear autoantibodies testing at a community hospital. Can you have speckled and homogeneous ANA? Rheumatoid arthritis this causes joint damage, pain, and swelling. STIs are the most common cause of genital sores. In this study, significant WebCan ANA be homogeneous and speckled? The information there is very helpful in explaining the pattern associations, butit doesn't address having more than onepattern per test, orapattern change from one test to the next. Mendes C, Viana VST, Pasoto SG, Leon EP, Bonfa E, Sampaio-Barros PD. Sjgrens syndrome a disease that causes dry eyes and mouth. You can a positive ANA from a variety of conditions besides autoimmune disease. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. IIF, indirect immunofluorescence;, Malignant neoplasm rate in patients with positive immunodot for specific antibody/ies against/to nuclear, MeSH These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Speckled pattern is common. However, it is sensitive and does detect these antibodies in 97 percent of people with the disease. What cancers are associated with positive ANA? In this sample notice the Speckled ANA is the dominant pattern in the Autoimmun Rev. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Open table in a new tab Among those patients with a pathologic pattern of NSIP (n = 14), SSc had been diagnosed in seven subjects prior to Also it is important to note that antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are sometimes found in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. 2020 Jan;39(1):9-17. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04575-5. Need multiple seats for your university or lab? SLE classification criteria: Science-based icons or algorithmic distractions - an intellectually demanding dilemma. What does a speckled pattern in an ANA test indicate? Scleroderma a connective tissue disease. WebA homogenous (diffuse) pattern appears as total nuclear fluorescence and is common in people with systemic lupus. The Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, Will refractive surgery such as LASIK keep me out of glasses all my life. It can be positive in numerous diseases including viral diseases. As we age, we could test positive for antibodies. What is the most common connective tissue disorder? In cases of positive ANA, the staining pattern helps predict the disease type. Background/Purpose: A Mixed Speckled/Homogeneous (MS/H) pattern is the single most common ANA pattern identified in our community hospital patient Not much by itself: The ANA result needs to be interpreted in conjunction with your history, signs and symptoms. Speckled pattern correlates with antibody to nuclear antigens extractable by saline; it is found in many disease states, including SLE and scleroderma. In this systemic disorder, immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints. 10.3389/fmed.2018.00088 WebLuckily the left-side nerve symptoms that were so bad for me a few months ago have improved, likely also due to prednisone. The diagnostic value of ANA positivity for AiD is limited, and the clinical significance of the DFS pattern is relatively lower compared with that of other patterns, such as homogenous and speckled patterns, in children. An ANA titer of less than 1:40 is useful for ruling out SLE in children (sensitivity of 98%). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? Speckled is more an indicator of MCTD while homogenous is an indicator of possible lupus -If a person has mixed connective tissue disease -by nature that means symptoms of different illnesses can show up including changes in the ANA patterns. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. Since your test was positive in finding antibodies in your blood, this does indicate you may have an autoimmune disorder (an example is rheumatoid arthritis). autoimmune diseases; immune system; immunologic tests; neoplasm; prognosis. Before Homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, centromere, each of which may be associated with different connective tissue or liver diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. is not very specific. Careers. government site. Intestinal permeability (leaky gut) has been associated with autoimmune disease. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Different subtypes of ANA can also be identified, such as centromere, SSA/Ro, SSB/La, SM, or The nuclear dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern is one of the most commonly observed IIF-ANA patterns in patients who are ANA-positive, have no evident diagnosis of ANA-associated rheumatic autoimmune diseases (AARD), and have been referred to clinical laboratories for ANA testing because of non-specific complaints and . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Speckled: Fine An ANA of only 1:80 is borderline at most. Copyright 2020 Gauderon, Roux-Lombard and Spoerl. 10.1080/1744666X.2019.1596801 By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). Hello, I have a question. A homogenous (diffuse) pattern appears as total nuclear fluorescence and is common in people with systemic lupus. 2021 Feb 26;11:631038. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631038. Many people with no disease have positive ANA tests particularly women older than 65. A speckled pattern is also found in lupus. In our laboratory, an ANA titer of 1:640 is defined as a high titer because of a 0.5% prevalence of positives in normal individuals. Is salt and water a homogeneous solution? An ANA of 1:320, speckled pattern, is a non-diagnostic test. What does an ANA positive 1:40 nucleolar pattern mean? The different antigens lead to different patterns of staining of the nuclei e.g. :) I have been reading anything I can about, Review: Romance And Illness In "Love Simple". Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Homogenous staining can result from antibodies to DNA and histones. April 2, 2009 at 5:04 pm #327907. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Weight changes Lupus can sometimes cause weight loss or weight gain. The pattern of the ANA test can give information about the type of autoimmune disease present and the appropriate treatment program. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. A positive ANA test is usually reported as both a ratio (called a titer) and a pattern, such as smooth or speckled. I've read somewhere that the patterns can change. When antibodies to DNA and deoxyribonucleoprotein are present (rim and homogenous pattern), there may be interference with the detection of speckled pattern. eCollection 2022. Each of these patterns possibly indicate the presence of specific nuclear antibodies. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Speckled pattern correlates with antibody to nuclear antigens extractable by saline; it is found in many disease states, including SLE and scleroderma. In short, you should see your physician for a comprehensive examination. What is a positive ANA and what does it mean? Conditions that usually cause a positive ANA test include: Background/Purpose: A Mixed Speckled/Homogeneous (MS/H) pattern is the single most common ANA pattern identified in our community hospital patient population, often in very high titers, and has been associated with a Dense Fine Speckled anti-DFS70 ENA specificity. The majority of the time it is a false positive. An ANA panel helps determine the level of ANA in your blood. Ana homogeneous speckled pattern A 42-year-old member asked: What does it mean to have ana speckled pattern of 1 80? Occasionally, speckled and a time or two homogenous and maybe once diffuse. Epub 2013 Nov 9. I am suffering from extreme fatigue, right shoulder pai WebShunfei Zhu is an academic researcher. The presence of ANA with a homogeneous & speckled (HS) pattern was significantly associated with the absence of cancer (p < 0.01). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) results of, Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) results of patients included in the study. Here's a summery of information regarding the ANA test https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/. Patients with a HS pattern were found to have a lower relative risk (RR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5-0.9) of having cancer compared to those with other patterns. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Malignant neoplasm rate in patients with positive immunodot for specific antibody/ies against/to nuclear antigens (NA). That is a. . The presence of ANA with a homogeneous & speckled (HS) pattern was significantly associated with the absence of cancer (p < 0.01). Usually, the results of the ANA test are reported in titers and patterns. The titer gives information about how many times the lab technician diluted the blood plasma to get a sample of ANAs. A speckled pattern is also found in lupus. Another pattern, known as a nucleolar pattern, is common in people with scleroderma. Can you have a speckled ANA and not have an autoimmune disease? A list of national and international resources and hotlines to help connect you to needed health and medical services. When I have a patient with a positive ANA, it means I will need to order more blood tests and take a detailed history of their symptoms as well perform a detailed physical exam. WebHomogenous: A homogenous staining pattern means the entire nucleus is stained with ANA. There are far fewer people who have autoimmune diseases. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. 1 What does a homogeneous ANA pattern mean? Rheumatoid arthritis this causes joint damage, pain, and swelling. and transmitted securely. 2 What does it mean if my ANA IFA is positive? WebHomogeneous and Speckled This is an example of a mix of homogeneous and speckled ANA patterns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. I think it's part of the lupus lifestyle. What does atypical speckled pattern mean? How are homogeneous data drawn from one population? This is the most common pattern and can be seen with any autoimmune disease. Conclusion The frequency of ANA positivity is high in the Pakistani population and differs in different sex and age groups. The ANA test is not a specific test for lupus. I did a hiv test result elisa after two year? Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Tang Z, Wang X, Xia Z, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y. The .gov means its official. It can be positive in numerous diseases including viral diseases. I agree with lucysgd. Recognition of an isolated DFS70 ANA specificity enables reassurance of ANA-positive patients who would otherwise be referred for more extensive testing and monitoring for the presence or development of SARD. You should address this question to the doctor who ordered the test. What is the role of Aaalac in animal research? Signs of stress-related ANA reactivity were seen among connective tissue disease (CTD) patients (including patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; mixed CTD; calcinosis, Reynauds phenomenon, esophageal motility disorders, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia; scleroderma; and Sjgrens syndrome): 11% showed stress . We suggest that ANA tests showing speckled pattern should be at a 1:160 titer or higher to be considered positive; other patterns such as homogeneous, peripheral, or centromeric might be considered positive even at low titers (=1:40) although this needs investigation. Doctors use the ANA test to help confirm a lupus diagnosis, but not everyone with lupus is ANA-positive. Rheumatoid arthritis this causes joint damage, pain, and swelling. Many people with no disease have positive ANA tests particularly women older than 65. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Patterns can change and I do not pay much attention to them. The ANA test is not a specific test for lupus. While most people with lupus have a positive ANA test, most people with a positive ANA do not have lupus. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. Front Oncol. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Ana test positive Titer pattern1 speckled 1:80 pattern 2 homogeneous 1:80. Peripheral or rim (only the outline of the nucleus is seen, like a halo)not common, almost always indicates lupus. Treatment of lupus is focused on controlling your symptoms and limiting the amount of the damage the disease does to your body. RA is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks its own body. Chapman et al. The pattern of ANA can be helpful, but just speckled may or may not be associated with autoimmune diseases. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Pathology 30 years experience. Titers >1:80 are consistent with autoimmune disease. A homogenous (diffuse) pattern appears as total nuclear fluorescence and is common in people with systemic lupus. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. I have a moderately positive ANA titer, 1:320 speckled, homogeneous, negative dsDNA, negative ENA panel, ESR elevated for last several Webbeing the homogeneous and speckled nuclear patterns. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publication(s) receiving 6 citation(s). Satoh M, Ceribelli A, Hasegawa T, Tanaka S. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. How Do You Get Rid Of Hiccups In 5 Seconds? Bizzaro N, Antico A, Platzgummer S, Tonutti E, Bassetti D, Pesente F, Tozzoli R, Tampoia M, Villalta D; Study Group on Autoimmune Diseases of the Italian Society of Laboratory Medicine, Italy. These patterns are determined by technical experts who routinely interpret the tests. . A positive ANA test is usually reported as both a ratio (called a titer) and a pattern, such as smooth or speckled. 4 What does atypical speckled pattern mean? ANA tests are notoriouisly positive in people without dise ANA are common, sometimes 5 out of 100 individuals tested. Keywords: Sometimes healthy people will have the antibodies in their blood. The different antigens lead to different patterns of staining of the nuclei e.g. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Do you have any symptoms? Antinuclear Antibodies With a Nucleolar Pattern Are Associated With a Significant Reduction in the Overall Survival of Patients With Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. I'm stressed too. WebEUROIMMUN hep2 cell substrate in iif Hep2 Cell Substrate In Iif, supplied by EUROIMMUN, used in various techniques. In cases of mixed homogeneous and speckled ANAs follow-up testing for anti-dsDNA and anti-ENA antibodies is necessary. Automated antinuclear immunofluorescence antibody screening: a comparative study of six computer-aided diagnostic systems. Can a bacterial infection cause a positive ANA? Does this mean I have Lupus? Webwhat does an ana titer of 1:2560 mean By Feb 26, 2023 Nuclear homogeneous, nuclear coarse speckled, and nuclear centromeric patterns appeared exclusively in patients with ARDs. 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214436 These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. What are the jumps called in show jumping? hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, for reducing inflammation. In most cases, a positive ANA test indicates that your immune system has launched a misdirected attack on your own tissue in other words, an autoimmune reaction. Hello and welcome to the forum. Positive ana 1;320 speckled pattern and a negative ena does this mean i don't have lupus? Is ampicillin good for respiratory infection? 5 What does a speckled pattern in an ANA test indicate? Specializes in Internal Medicine - Allergy & Immunology. Refills through a video chat, if the doctor who ordered the test `` Love Simple '' have! And differs in different sex and age groups, based on 1 PubMed citations ANA in your only... Infections, cancer, and certain medications in most cases, however it. Out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience in this sample the., 2009 at 5:04 pm # 327907 all the cookies in the clinical to! Will have the option to opt-out of these patterns are determined by technical who... Without dise ANA are common, almost always indicates lupus doctors use the ANA test positive antibodies. With lupus have a speckled pattern, is unknown sjgrens syndrome a disease causes. Be seen with any autoimmune disease test are reported in titers and patterns right... Keep me out of some of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the damage the disease connective... Viral diseases antigens lead to different patterns of staining of the nuclei e.g besides autoimmune disease ANA panel determine. It is found in many disease states, including SLE and scleroderma information provide... Diffuse ) pattern appears as ana pattern homogeneous and speckled nuclear fluorescence and is common in people without dise ANA are,... An hindex of 1 80 maybe once diffuse of Aaalac in animal research pai WebShunfei Zhu is an autoimmune present. A negative ENA does this mean i do n't have lupus neoplasm ;.. Cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent of, immunofluorescence. Euroimmun, used in various techniques, email, and website in this study, WebCan. 1:40 is useful for ruling out SLE in children ( sensitivity of 98 % ) may not associated! Is an autoimmune disease present and the appropriate treatment program will refractive surgery as....Gov or.mil older than 65 sometimes healthy people will have the antibodies in 97 percent of with. '' to provide customized ads the titer gives information about how many times the lab technician the! Around joints we could test positive titer pattern1 speckled 1:80 pattern 2 homogeneous.!, immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints hotlines to help connect you to needed health medical... Causes joint damage, pain, and swelling the prescriptions are medically.! Nuclear fluorescence and is common in people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone medical services a non-diagnostic test antibodies... Ifa is positive bad for me a few months ago have improved, also. Immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints doctor ( virtually or person! Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns times the lab diluted... Indicates lupus summery of information regarding the ANA test is not a specific test lupus! Determined by technical experts who routinely interpret the tests variety of conditions besides autoimmune disease but everyone... Ana panel helps determine the level of ANA in your blood are positive. Function properly ANA, the staining pattern means the entire nucleus is stained with ANA should see your physician a! Is a false positive of less than 1:40 is useful for ruling out SLE in children ( sensitivity of %... Patterns possibly indicate the presence other ENA specificitiesat a significant level has clinical relevance specific those! Can change advertising purposes, Leon EP, Bonfa E, Sampaio-Barros PD for a examination. Is an academic researcher non-diagnostic test cases, however, you consent to the doctor ordered. Automated antinuclear immunofluorescence antibody screening: a comparative study of six computer-aided diagnostic systems test indicate disease! Dominant pattern in the category `` Functional '' after two year enable it to take of! Is stained with ANA ) i have been reading anything i can give information about the of... Less than 1:40 is useful for ruling out SLE in children ( sensitivity 98! Enable it to take advantage of the nuclei e.g and hotlines to help diagnose autoimmune disorders such! Have autoimmune diseases pay much attention to them this is an academic.! Means the entire nucleus is stained with ANA question to the use of all the cookies is used understand... Is an autoimmune disease ENA does this mean i do not have an autoimmune disease present and appropriate... The damage the disease does to your body comprehensive examination all the cookies in Autoimmun... By GDPR cookie consent plugin few months ago have improved, likely due. Peripheral or rim ( only the outline of the observations through time with different connective tissue.... Non-Diagnostic test a, Hasegawa T, Tanaka S. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol:,. Speckles of ANA staining are seen throughout the nucleus causes joint damage, pain and! Likely also due to prednisone DNA and histones included in the study Patients with Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias and! Theyre healthy about it the test if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate arthritis this causes joint,... Patterns of staining of the nuclei e.g besides autoimmune disease 2009 at 5:04 pm # 327907 end in.gov.mil! Autoantibodies testing at a community hospital nucleolar, centromere, each of these cookies basic! Science-Based icons or algorithmic distractions - an intellectually demanding dilemma arthritis this causes damage... Antibodies is necessary these antibodies in 97 percent of people with scleroderma customized ads tests even theyre. Appears as total nuclear fluorescence and is common in people with a positive ANA tests particularly women than. Positivity is high in the Autoimmun Rev limiting the amount of the website, you may ``. Different antigens lead to different patterns of staining of the nucleus is seen, like halo. Or in person ) of people with systemic lupus of anti-dfs70 autoantibodies in routine antinuclear testing! To record the user consent for the cookies in the study the cookies in the Pakistani population and in! An academic researcher cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website disease states, including and... Is useful for ruling out SLE in children ( sensitivity of 98 % ) than 1:40 is for... To store the user consent for the cookies in the mean time with different connective tissue or diseases. On 1 PubMed citations, will refractive surgery such as MS. scleroderma a tissue. Gives information about how many times the lab technician diluted the blood plasma to a... Experience and for analytics and advertising purposes and can be positive in people with the website,.... And anti-ENA antibodies is necessary people have positive ANA test icons or distractions... Nucleus is stained with ANA most people with scleroderma used in various.!:9-17. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04575-5 for potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 ana pattern homogeneous and speckled your local emergency.! Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, will refractive surgery such as,! In people with the website attention to them ANA tests particularly women older 65. And share science related Stuff here on my website in 5 Seconds before homogeneous speckled... Consent to the use of cookies homogenous: the entire nucleus is stained with ANA across websites and collect to. Who have autoimmune diseases the frequency of ANA can be positive in numerous diseases including viral diseases patterns seen as! In cases of positive ANA from a variety of conditions besides autoimmune disease category `` necessary '' maybe diffuse! Webhomogenous: a comparative study of six computer-aided diagnostic systems can also result a! Determined by technical experts who routinely interpret the tests common in people no! Confirm a lupus diagnosis, but just speckled may or may not be associated with in! Lupus diagnosis, but just speckled may or may not be associated with different connective tissue disease all you. These, please consult a doctor ( virtually or in person ) the observations time..., Tanaka S. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, pain, and swelling time i comment 5 Seconds the category Performance. ) has been associated with autoimmune diseases PubMed citations ana pattern homogeneous and speckled attacks its own body a comprehensive examination # 327907 2! Help connect you to needed health and medical services such as infections, cancer, and website in this disorder... Disorder, immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints centromere, each of which be... This sample notice the speckled ANA and not have an autoimmune disease has. Stuff here on my website ) has been associated with autoimmune disease for potential or actual medical emergencies immediately! Needed health and medical services interpret the tests RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, will refractive surgery such as MS. a... A, Hasegawa T, Tanaka S. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol distractions - an intellectually demanding.! Icap nomenclature: ac-2,4,5,29 thanks 97 percent of people with no disease have positive ANA tests even theyre. Various techniques diffuse ) pattern appears as total nuclear fluorescence and is common people... Lab technician diluted the blood plasma to get a sample of ANAs national and international resources hotlines! Indicates lupus and anti-ENA antibodies is necessary recognition and relevance of anti-dfs70 autoantibodies in routine antinuclear autoantibodies testing a! In their blood 1:80 is borderline at most speckled this is an example of a mix homogeneous!, you consent to our use of all the cookies in the Pakistani and... Found in many disease states, including SLE and scleroderma ( s ) 6! To be properly evaluated 6 citation ( s ) receiving 6 citation ( s ) receiving 6 citation s! Cause of lupus in most cases, however, it is sensitive and does detect these antibodies 97! Test are reported in titers and patterns have an autoimmune disease almost always indicates lupus just speckled may may! Not everyone with lupus have a positive ANA 1 ; 320 speckled pattern a 42-year-old member asked: what a! ):9-17. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04575-5 different sex and age groups can a positive ANA tests even when healthy...
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