English: On 9 July 1958, a rockslide in w:Lituya Bay, Alaska, caused an enormous tsunami estimated at 1,720 feet (524 meters) tall. The barge heaved, and Miller watched as rocks fell from high cliffs into the bay. Detailed Description. We develop seismic policies and share information to promote programs intended to reduce earthquake related losses. Lituya Bay (/ l tj u j /; Tlingit: Ltu.aa, meaning 'lake within the point') is a fjord located on the coast of the south-east part of the U.S. state of Alaska.It is 14.5 km (9 mi) long and 3.2 km (2 mi) wide at its widest point. Tammy Uzelac Hall, lundy island populationMarch 3, 2011 One hundred and seventeen ( 117 ) people died in Turkey & # x27 ; s zmir Province an. Some homes were destroyed with costs being around $ 100,000 ( 1958 ). Approximately 90,000 buildings and many wooden houses were destroyed. A combination of disturbances triggered by the earthquake generated a mega-tsunami wave that rose to a maximum height of 1,720 feet (516 m) at the head of Lituya Bay. Alaska, 1958 Highest recorded tsunami Lituya Bay AN earthquake that caused a landslide that caused a tsunami. TheSunmorehad vanished, andthe Wagners were never found. A native village and drowned 5 people on the north shore, from southwest of Inlet. Six years later, the magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska earthquake would trigger landslide tsunamis across southern Alaska, accounting for many of the deaths from that earthquake. A third, the Erdie, was anchored about two kilometers into the bay. On July 9, 1958, an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.7-8.3 triggered an enormous rockfall in a remote bay along the Gulf of Alaska. The tide was ebbing at about plus 1.5 m and the weather was clear. The strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a rockslide of 40 million cubic yards (30 million cubic meters and about 90 million tons) into the narrow inlet of Lituya Bay, Alaska. Pararas-Carayannis suggested that such a large landslide dropping from a height of almost 1,000 meters along a nearly vertical slope would have struck the bottom of the inlet, sending up a wall of displaced water. What was the biggest tsunami ever? The historic 1958 megastsunami struck in the evening of 9 July following an earthquake on the Fairweather Fault, in the south east of Alaska. 132 subscribers Alaska Earthquake Science Fact: "In 1958, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake created a landslide into Lituya Bay that generated a megatsunami wave reaching 524 m (1,720 ft). The wave was a powerful reminder of the forces nature can unleash. 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami. When this terrible wave, called a megatsunami, hits land, it can destroy an entire city in a matter of minutes. [12][13], Near the crest of the Fairweather Mountains sit the Lituya and the North Crillon glaciers. There is an ongoing debate in scholarly circles regarding whether the megatsunami was a result of the rockfall generated by the earthquake, or a result of the earthquake itself. A giant wave generated on July 9, 1958, by a rockslide from the cliff at the head of the bay (background, left) destroyed the forest over the light areas to a maximum altitude of 1,720 feet and to a maximum distance of 3,600 feet in from the high-tide shoreline at Fish Lake (foreground, left).A fishing boat anchored in the cove was carried over the spit in the foreground . This earthquake had been the strongest in over 50 years for this region: the Cape Yakataga earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 8.2 on the Richter scale, occurred on September 4, 1899. . Miller wrote that the hillsides were dripping with water while the streams that drained small lakes above the bay were running down in swollen torrents. Lituya Bay's Apocalyptic Wave - NASA SURVIVING THE BIGGEST WAVE EVER By DAVE KIFFER - SitNews The strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a rockslide of 40 million cubic yards (30 million cubic meters and about 90 million tons) into the narrow inlet of Lituya Bay, Alaska. It inundated five square miles of land and cleared hundreds of . The rushing water carried numerous giant, broken logs; Swanson broke several ribs when a tree trunk smashed into the pilothouse, but he and his wife Vivian escaped their boat in a skiff and were picked up soon after by another fishing boat looking for survivors. [6] Lighter damage was also reported in Pelican and Sitka. After a while, the glacier fell back out of sight. Situated in the region, including areas that experienced uplift and subsidence < a href= '' https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Lituya_Bay_earthquake_and_megatsunami >. The largest slide dropped 30 million cubic meters, or more than 80 trillion kilograms, of rock into the bay. Giant waves in Lituya Bay, Alaska: USGS Professional Paper 354-C, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. In 2001, Hermann Fritz and Willi Hager attempted to replicate the initial wave's 1,720-foot run-upusinga pneumatic landslide generator to blast simulated rockslides into at 1:675 scale model of Gilbert Inlet. The earthquake was so strong, and the tsunami came so quickly, that there was not time to get to a safe place. April 1, 1946: The April Fools tsunami, triggered by an earthquake in Alaska, killed 159 people, mostly in Hawaii. Lituya Bay, on the Gulf of Alaska about 200 kilometers west of Juneau, has an unusual shape that can produce high tides and strong tidal currents. When an earthquake strikesDrop, Cover and Hold on! It caused significant geologic changes in the region, including areas that experienced uplift and subsidence. The mega-tsunami of Lituya Bay, Alaska, United States (July 9, 1958): A landslide triggered an immense wave that reached heights of 524 meters (1,719 feet) near the entrance to Lituya Bay, Alaska. The study concluded that, instead, a "dual slide" event was more likely the rockfall, impacting very close to the head of the Lituya Glacier, caused around 400 meters (1,300 feet) of ice from the glacial toe to break off (as shown in photographs from the time), and possibly injected considerable water under the glacier. Which was so intense that the hit Lituya Bay a few weeks after the earthquake! I can't help it if they don't believe me. In 2016, an entire mountainside failed and ran out onto the Lamplugh Glacier. The Mega-Tsunami of July 9, 1958 in Lituya Bay, Alaska. This landslide caused 30 million cubic meters of rock to fall into the bay, creating the megatsunami. Accessed November 20, 2020. The 1958 Event. A subsequent analysis to the 1999 one that examined the wider impact of the event found that the rockfall itself was inadequate to explain the resulting accounts and evidence. It ripped limbs off trees and swept many away, decimating the shoreline's surrounding forest and leaving the high tide line barren and with few upright surviving trees except on the northern and southern edges. ratio 2.5) and the May 1970 Huascarn landslide (est. At that point, Ulrich told Alaska Sportsman in 1958, he sent a radio distress call to let his wife know that he and his son were lost. 100-million-ton slide onto the Lamplugh Glacier, generate a megatsunami with 600-foot run-up, residents had no warning before the wave arrived, Lituya Bay Case: Rock Slide Impat and Wave Run-Up, The Alaska Earthquake of July 10, 1958: Movement on the Fairweather Fault and Field Investigation of Southern Epicentral Region, The 1958 Lituya Bay Landslide and Tsunami - A Tsunami Ball Approach, 2156 Koyukuk Drive, PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775. Citadel: Forged With Fire Mutants, 1.4 How Did The Biggest Wave Ever Recorded Come About? Miller first assumed that the wave had been caused by the large movements along the fault in the inlets. Gilbert Inlet and Crillon Inlet are at the back, mostly hidden by terrain. Philip Fradkin (2001), Wildest Alaska, University of California. The strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a Lituya Bay is situated in the Gulf of Alaska in the northeastern section of the gulf. Subsequent mathematical modeling at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Mader, 1999, Mader & Gittings, 2002) supported the proposed mechanism as there was indeed sufficient volume of water and an adequately deep layer of sediments in the Lituya Bay inlet to account for the giant wave runup and the subsequent inundation. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey. 1965 Ford Falcon Van For Sale, How many people were killed by the.. University of Alaska (2018, July 13) Lituya Bay. C. Volcanic Eruptions (volcanogenic tsunami) 1. by Sam Lemonick Calamity struck at 10pm on July 9, 1958, when a 8.-Richter-scale earthquake rammed the Alaskan coast up and northward. One hundred and seventeen (117) people died in Turkey's zmir Province while an additional 1,034 . (Image: Geology.com/NASA Landsat) The 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on July 9 at 22:15:58 with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). For most of the bay, destruction below the trimline was absolute. A notable exception was the 1958 tsunami triggered by a landslide in a narrow bay on Alaska's coast. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}583835N 1373354W / 58.643N 137.565W / 58.643; -137.565, The 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on .mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}July 9 at 22:15:58 PST with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). Pages in category "Lituya Bay megatsunami" This category contains only the following page. In Yakutat, the earthquake damaged bridges and docks and knocked a water tower to the ground. The 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on July 9 at 22:15:58 PST with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). L Lituya Bay megatsunami Media in category "Lituya Bay megatsunami" dynalist vs workflowyJanuary 16, 2021 The landslide impacted the water at high speed generating a gian. [4] The strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a rockslide of 30 million cubic meters (40 million cubic yards) and about 90 million tons into the narrow inlet of Lituya Bay . DA: 47 PA: 7 MOZ Rank: 5. A month earlier, a large rockslide plunged into Gilbert Inlet at the lower right, shearing off part of Lituya Glacier and sending water surging over the opposite spur. All rights reserved. On July 9, 1958, an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale rocked a small inlet in Alaska called Lituya Bay. The strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a rockslide of 30 million cubic meters (40 million cubic yards) and about 90 million tons into the narrow inlet of Lituya Bay, Alaska. Fault struck Southeastern Alaska was so intense that the earthquakes in 1958 Paddy Sherman & x27! Bill Swanson described his boat lodged bow-first near the crest of the wave, as if surfing it backwards, as he looked down at treetops far below him. 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami: The 24- gross register ton, 39.4-foot (12.0 m) fishing vessel disappeared when a megatsunami she was trying to outrun engulfed her in Lituya Bay in Southeastern Alaska. The recent disaster in Japan demonstrates the incredible destructive power of a megatsunami in a heavily populated area. [11], The major earthquake that struck on the Fairweather Fault had a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum perceived intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. He tossed a life preserver to his 7-year-old-son, told him to pray, and then let out all of his remaining anchor chain. A hundred miles up the coast, in Yakutat Bay, a couple was heading home in a skiff after picking berrieson Khantaak Island. The 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on July 9 at 22:15:58 with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI. The glacier, lightened, rose before stabilizing in the water, and a large amount of trapped infill (subglacial and proglacial sediment) that was trapped under the glacier and had already been loosened by the earthquake was released as an almost immediate and many times larger second slide. One hundred and seventeen ( 117 ) people died in Turkey & # ;. Possibility that it will occur again in 1958 lituya bay, alaska earthquake and megatsunami deaths Gulf of Alaska ( 2018, 13. In the 1950s, a sturdy cabin on the island served as a sometime base camp for Don Miller, a geologist who had taken an interest in Lituya Bays other great hazard. In June 2016, pilot Paul Swanstrom followed a strange dust plume and found the aftermath of a more than 100-million-ton slide onto the Lamplugh Glacier. It was like an explosion, he said. The mountains were shaking something awful, with slide of rock and snow, but what I noticed mostly was the glacier, the north glacier, the one they call Lituya Glacier. The seven miles long and two miles narrow. Deaths from . The strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a rockslide of 30 million cubic meters and about 90 million tons into the narrow inlet of Lituya Bay, Alaska. The 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on July 10 at 22:15:58 PST with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). At 22:15 hours PST on July 9, 1958, which was still daylight at that time of year, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 struck the Lituya Bay area. UAF is an AA/EO employer and educational institution and prohibits illegal discrimination against any individual: If you have difficulty accessing the information on this website due to a disability, please contact the web administrator by email at uaf-aec@alaska.edu or by phone at 907-474-7320. The mechanism giving rise to megatsunamis was analyzed for the Lituya Bay event in a study presented at the Tsunami Society in 1999.[17]. Aboard the Badger, Bill Swanson was shaken awake by the earthquake. [10] The two arms that create the top of the T-shape of the bay are the Gilbert and Crillon inlets and are a part of a trench on the Fairweather Fault. Big chunks of ice were falling off the face of it and down into the water. So far we have been lucky to have few human impacts from recent landslide tsunamis in Alaska, but a disaster in Greenland in 2017 should serve as a warning. Aerial photographs taken after the tsunami show the power of the wave. [9] A total of 5 people were killed during the tsunami, which left many people injured and many homes destroyed. Lituya Bay has a history of megatsunami events, but the 1958 event was the first for which sufficient data was captured and was responsible for the deaths of 5 people.[9][19][17]. The SunmoreandBadger were each crewed by married couples. The glaciers that once carved the central channel have since retreated to the head of the bay, where the crossbar of the T runs parallel to the Fairweather Fault, a strike-slip fault that divides the North American and Pacific plates. lituya bay mega tsunami | Lituya Bay's Apocalyptic Wave - NASA Scar at the head of Lituya Bay and wave damage on the north shore, from southwest of Gilbert Inlet to La Chaussee spit. Miller, Don J., 1954, "Cataclysmic Flood Waves in Lituya Bay, Alaska", "M 8.3 - 19 km NNW of Elfin Cove, Alaska", "Earthquake History of the United States", "Modeling the 1958 Lituya Bay mega-tsunami, II", "The Mega-Tsunami of July 9, 1958, in Lituya Bay, Alaska", "Lituya Bay case: Rockslide Impact and Wave Run-Up", "Benchmarks: July 9, 1958: Megatsunami drowns Lituya Bay, Alaska". Many of these trees were stripped of their branches and bark. The tide was ebbing at about plus 1.5 m and the weather was clear. . The north shore, from southwest of Gilbert Inlet to La Chaussee spit areas that experienced and! In the 1960 USGS report, Ulrich reported hearing a deafening crash a couple of minutes after he first felt the earthquake. An 8.3 magnitude earthquake, triggering a tsunami 500 meters high the region, including that, 1946: the 1958 tsunami Inlet to La Chaussee spit, which hit Bay. A non-profit earthquake consortium for the western states. He confirmed Swansons assertion that the wave originated from the northwestern inlet of the T, where Lituya Glacier spills into the bay; the wave, he said, splashed up the mountain slopes as it came around the corner and spread out as it entered the main body of the bay to a height of about 30 meters. Western States Seismic Policy Council 1958 Lituya Bay . (Photo: USGS). [11] Even if a large enough drainage were to take place in front of the Gilbert Glacier, the run-off would have been projected to be on the opposite side in Crillon Inlet. Miller, USGS/Wikimedia Commons). The landslide was not caused by an earthquake, and residents had no warning before the wave arrived. Fritz and Hager found that a slide like the one at Gilbert Inlet could generate that much run-up because the rapid impact of the slide would bring a large air cavity into the water behind it, displacing far more water thanjust the volume of the rock. 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