Colvin has remained unmarried all her life. In high school, she had high ambitions of political activity. Parks was, too. "Middle-class blacks looked down on King Hill," says Colvin today. Name: Claudette Colvin Birth Year: 1939 Birth date: September 5, 1939 Birth State: Alabama Birth City: Montgomery Birth Country: United States Gender: Female Best Known For: Claudette Colvin is. ", She believes that, if her pregnancy had been the only issue, they would have found a way to overcome it. Aster is known as a talisman of love and an enduring symbol of elegance. Claudette Colvin was an American civil rights activist during the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. A sanitation worker, Mr Harris, got up, gave her his seat and got off the bus. She earned mostly As in her classes and aspired to become president one day. Rule and Guide: 100 ways to more Success for only $8.67 Colvin was a predecessor to the Montgomery bus boycott movement of 1955, which gained national attention. It was an exchange later credited with changing the racial landscape of America. "For nobody can doubt the boundless outreach of her integrity. They had threatened to throw her out of the Booker T Washington school for wearing her hair in plaits. How encouraging it would be if more adults had your courage, self-respect and integrity. (Julie Jacobson/Associated Press). In this lesson, students will learn about Claudette Colvin, a 15-year-old who stood up for equal rights in 1955. Colvin was initially charged with disturbing the peace, violating the segregation laws, and battering and assaulting a police officer. 05 September 1939 - Court trial. If I had told my father who did it, he would have killed him. Despite her personal challenges, Colvin became one of the four plaintiffs in the Browder v. Gayle case, along with Aurelia S. Browder, Susie McDonald and Mary Louise Smith (Jeanatta Reese, who was initially named a plaintiff in the case, withdrew early on due to outside pressure). Charged with disturbing the peace, breaking the bus segregation laws and assaulting the officers who had apprehended her, she was released later that night. Born in Alabama #33. Mothers expressed concern about permitting their children on the buses. Parks made hers on Dec. 1 that same year. But attorney Gray found it all but impossible to find riders who would potentially risk their lives by attaching their names as plaintiffs. "I was really afraid, because you just didn't know what white people might do at that time," Colvin later said. Others say it is because she was a foul-mouthed tearaway. "In a few hours, every Negro youngster on the streets discussed Colvin's arrest. That's what they usually did.". You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The leaders in the Civil Rights Movement tried to keep up appearances and make the "most appealing" protesters the most seen. "[37], In 2000, Troy State University opened a Rosa Parks Museum in Montgomery to honor the town's place in civil rights history. "Y'all better make it light on yourselves and let me have those seats," he said. "I was more defiant and then they knocked my books out of my lap and one of them grabbed my arm. he asked. Colvins feisty testimony was instrumental in the shocking success of the suit, which ended segregated seating on Montgomerys buses. ", "They never thought much of us, so there was no way they were going to run with us," says Hardin. If one white person wanted to sit down there, then all the black people on that row were supposed to get up and either stand or move further to the back. [2][13] Not long after, in September 1952, Colvin started attending Booker T. Washington High School. Instead of being taken to a juvenile detention centre, Colvin was taken to an adult jail and put in a small cell with nothing in it but a broken sink and a cot without a mattress. "Whenever people ask me: 'Why didn't you get up when the bus driver asked you?' They'd call her a bad girl, and her case wouldn't have a chance."[6][8]. "He asked us both to get up. . From "high-yellas" to "coal-coloureds", it is a tension steeped not only in language but in the arts, from Harlem Renaissance novelist Nella Larsen's book, Passing, to Spike Lee's film, School Daze. She gave birth to a fair-skin child named Raymond in the year 1956 whose skin tone was similar to her partner. [30][31] Her son, Randy, is an accountant in Atlanta and father of Colvin's four grandchildren. [4] Colvin later said: "My mother told me to be quiet about what I did. In 1955, when she was 15, she refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white womannine months before Rosa Parks's refusal in Montgomery sparked a bus boycott. She shouted that her constitutional rights were being violated. Read about our approach to external linking. "I never swore when I was young," she says. [16] Referring to the segregation on the bus and the white woman: "She couldn't sit in the same row as us because that would mean we were as good as her". But there were two things about Colvin's stand on that March day that made it significant. To sustain the boycott, communities organised carpools and the Montgomery's African-American taxi drivers charged only 10 cents - the same price as bus fare - for fellow African Americans. [5] Colvin did not receive the same attention as Parks for a number of reasons: she did not have "good hair", she was not fair-skinned, she was a teenager, she was pregnant. "And since it had to happen, I'm happy it happened to a person like Mrs Parks," said Martin Luther King from the pulpit of the Holt Street Baptist Church. I had been kicked out of school, and I had a 3-month-old baby.. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). Almost nine months after Colvins bus protest, she heard news reports that Parks, a 42-year-old seamstress, had likewise been arrested for a bus seating protest. ", They took her to City Hall, where she was charged with misconduct, resisting arrest and violating the city segregation laws. After training, she landed a job as a nurses aide in a Catholic hospital in Manhattan. They sent a delegation to see the commissioner, and after a few meetings they appeared to have reached an understanding that the harassment would stop and that Colvin would be allowed to clear her name. [16][19], When Colvin refused to get up, she was thinking about a school paper she had written that day about the local customs that prohibited blacks from using the dressing rooms in order to try on clothes in department stores. Colvins son Raymond died in 1993. In 1960, she gave birth to her second son, Randy. "You may do that," said Parks, who is now 87 and lives in Detroit. "Nobody slept at home because we thought there would be some retaliation," says Colvin. "I thought he would stop and shout and then drive on. As well as the predictable teenage fantasy of "marrying a baseball player", she also had strong political convictions. [2] She was also a member of the NAACP Youth Council, where she formed a close relationship with her mentor, Rosa Parks. Like Colvin, Parks refused, and was arrested and fined. Claudette Colvin was the first person arrested by the police in Montgomery, AL for refusing to give up her bus seat. "If it had been for an old lady, I would have got up, but it wasn't. '", The atmosphere on the bus became very tense. The law at the time designated seats for black passengers at the back and for whites at the front, but left the middle as a murky no man's land. While this does not happen by conspiracy, it is often facilitated by collusion. That meant most of the dark complexion ones didn't like themselves. Two more kicks soon followed. Two years later, Colvin moved to New York City, where she had her second son, Randy, and worked as a nurse's aide at a Manhattan nursing home. After her arrest and late appearance in the court hearing, she was more or less forgotten. Colvin was a member of the NAACP Youth Council and had been learning about the civil rights movement in school. While her role in the fight to end segregation in Montgomery may not be widely recognized, Colvin helped advance civil rights efforts in the city. Nixon referred to her as a "lovely, stupid woman"; ministers would greet her at church functions, with irony, "Well, if it isn't the superstar." So he turned on the black men sitting behind her. The court, however, ruled against her and put her on probation. Mayor Todd Strange presented the proclamation and, when speaking of Colvin, said, "She was an early foot soldier in our civil rights, and we did not want this opportunity to go by without declaring March 2 as Claudette Colvin Day to thank her for her leadership in the modern day civil rights movement." Funeral Services will be held Saturday, April 20, 2013 at 11:00 a.m. at the Ft. Deposit Municipal Complex with Pastor. It is time for President Obama to. An ad hoc committee headed by the most prominent local black activist, ED Nixon, was set up to discuss the possibility of making Colvin's arrest a test case. "You got to get up," they shouted. The driver wanted all of them to move to the back and stand so that the white passenger could sit. Claudette Colvin, Who Was Arrested for Refusing to Give Up Her Bus Seat in 1955, Is Fighting to Clear Her Record The civil rights pioneer pushed back against segregation nine months before Rosa. "They said they didn't want to use a pregnant teenager because it would be controversial and the people would talk about the pregnancy more than the boycott," Colvin says. And, like Parks, the local black establishment started to rally support nationwide for her cause. [11][12], Two days before Colvin's 13th birthday, Delphine died of polio. ", Not so Colvin. By Monday, the day the boycott began, Colvin had already been airbrushed from the official version of events. This occurred nine months before the more widely known incident in which Rosa Parks, secretary of the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), helped spark the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott.[3]. I felt the hand of Harriet Tubman pushing down on one shoulder and Sojourner Truth pushing down on the other. To the exclusively male and predominantly middle-class, church-dominated, local black leadership in Montgomery, she was a fallen woman. She also had become pregnant and they thought an unwed mother would attract too much negative attention in a public legal battle. This was partially a product of the outward face the NAACP was trying to broadcast and partially a product of the women fearing losing their jobs, which were often in the public school system. "But when she was found guilty, her agonised sobs penetrated the atmosphere of the courthouse. "[4][5] Colvin's case was dropped by civil rights campaigners because Colvin was unmarried and pregnant during the proceedings. Most of the people didn't have problems with us sitting on the bus, most New Yorkers cared about economic problems. At 82, her arrest is expunged", "Claudette Colvin's juvenile record has been expunged, 66 years after she was arrested for refusing to give her bus seat to a White person", "John McCutcheon sings Rita Dove's 'Claudette Colvin', Drunk History' Montgomery, AL (TV Episode 2014), "The Newsroom - Will McAvoy On Historical Hypotheticals", "Report: Biopic about civil rights pioneer Claudette Colvin in the works", The Other Rosa Parks (Colvin interview with, Vanessa de la Torre, "In The Shadow of Rosa Parks: 'Unsung Hero' of Civil Rights Movement Speaks Out", "An asterisk, not a star, of black history", Let us Look at Jim Crow for the Criminal he is - Rosa Parks' bus stand and the long history of bus resistance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claudette_Colvin&oldid=1142354716. As civil rights attorney Fred Gray put it, Claudette gave all of us moral courage. This led to a few articles and profiles by others in subsequent years. This movement took place in the United States. So he said, 'If you are not going to get up, I will get a policeman. Her voice is soft and high, almost shrill. Her son, Raymond, was born in March 1956. Raymond Colvin, age 62, a resident of Ft. Deposit, AL, died April 13, 2013. People often make death hoaxes of well-known personalities to get public attention and views. [citation needed]. Video, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, Claudette Colvin's interview on Outlook on the BBC World Service, Whiskey fungus forces Jack Daniels to stop construction, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US, India PM Modi urges G20 to overcome divisions, Starbucks illegally fired workers over union - judge, NFL hopeful accused of racing in deadly car crash. Those who are aware of these distortions in the civil rights story are few. Nor was Colvin the last to be passed over. For months, Montgomerys NAACP chapter had been looking for a court case to test the constitutionality of the bus laws. Let the people know Rosa Parks was the right person for the boycott. It is a letter Colvin knew nothing about. I didn't get up, because I didn't feel like I was breaking the law. In March 1955, nine months before Rosa Parks defied segregation laws by refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin did exactly the same thing. Her political inclination was fueled in part by an incident with her schoolmate, Jeremiah Reeves; his case was the first time that she had witnessed the work of the NAACP. Although some of the details might seem familiar, this is not the Rosa Parks story. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. But the very spirit and independence of mind that had inspired Parks to challenge segregation started to pose a threat to Montgomery's black male hierarchy, which had started to believe, and then resent, their own spin. With funding from church donations and activities organized by the chapter, Colvin had her day in court. "They did think I was nutty and crazy.". Second, she was the first person, in Montgomery at least, to take up the challenge. Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939, in Montgomery, Alabama. "They just dropped me. Claudette Colvin : biography. In the south, male ministers made up the overwhelming . We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Unable to find work in Montgomery, Colvin moved to New York in 1958, while her son Raymond remained behind with family. They would have come and seen my parents and found me someone to marry. Despite the light sentence, Colvin could not escape the court of public opinion. [37], "All we want is the truth, why does history fail to get it right?" Like Colvin, Parks was commuting home and was seated in the "coloured section" of the bus. "When I told my mother I was pregnant, I thought she was going to have a heart attack. "I remember during Easter one year, I was to get a pair of black patent shoes but you could only get them from the white stores, so my mother drew the outline of my feet on a brown paper bag in order to get the closest size, because we weren't allowed to go in the store to try them on.". She dreamed of becoming the President of the United States. asked one. The young Ms. Colvin was portrayed by actress Mariah Iman Wilson. In this respect, the civil rights movement in Montgomery moved fast. On March 2, 1955, she was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, at the age of 15, for refusing to give up her seat on a crowded, segregated bus to a white woman. 1956- Colvin was one of four Black women who served as plaintiffs in a federal court suit 1956- Had her child, his name was Raymond 1957- People were bombing black churches 1957- Congress approved the Civil Rights Act of 1957 I paid my fare, it's my constitutional right." [28], The Montgomery bus boycott was able to unify the people of Montgomery, regardless of educational background or class. Broken-down cars sit outside tumble-down houses. So we choose the facts to fit the narrative we want to hear. On June 13, 1956, the judges determined that the state and local laws requiring bus segregation in Alabama were unconstitutional. She works the night shift and sleeps "when the sleep falls on her" during the day. BBC World Service. Growing up in one of Montgomery's poorer neighborhoods, Colvin studied hard in school. Colvin has retired from her job and has been living her life. [16] On March 2, 1955, she was returning home from school. "She gave me the feeling that I was the Moses that God had sent to Pharaoh," said Fred Gray, the lawyer who went on to represent her. Blake approached her. ", The upshot was that Colvin was left in an incredibly vulnerable position. ", "I wanted to go north and liberate my people," explains Colvin. Some people questioned if the father was a white male. "It's interesting that Claudette Colvin was not in the group, and rarely, if ever, rode a bus again in Montgomery," wrote Frank Sikora, an Alabama-based academic and author. We used to have a lot of juke joints up there, and maybe men would drink too much and get into a fight. "[20], Browder v. Gayle made its way through the courts. The case, organized and filed in federal court by civil rights attorney Fred Gray, challenged city bus segregation in Montgomery as unconstitutional. ", If that were not enough, the son, Raymond, to whom she would give birth in December, emerged light-skinned: "He came out looking kind of yellow, and then I was ostracised because I wouldn't say who the father was and they thought it was a white man. "Are you going to stand up?" King Hill, Montgomery, is the sepia South. It was not your tired feet, but your strength of character and resolve that inspired us." [9] When they took Claudette in, the Colvins lived in Pine Level, a small country town in Montgomery County, the same town where Rosa Parks grew up. ", When the boycott was over and the African-American community had emerged victorious, King, Nixon and Parks appeared for the cameras. None of them spoke to me; they didn't see if I was okay. [4][18] Colvin said, "But I made a personal statement, too, one that [Parks] didn't make and probably couldn't have made. All I could do is cry. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. After Colvin was released from prison, there were fears that her home would be attacked. She refused, saying, "It's my constitutional right to sit here as much as that lady. The United States District Court ruled the state of Alabama and Montgomery's bus segregation laws were unconstitutional. She was forcibly removed from the bus and arrested by the two policemen, Thomas J. Like Parks, she, too, pleaded not guilty to. I was glued to my seat. "I had almost a life history of being rebellious against being mistreated against my colour," she said. Her first son died in 1993. "I wasn't with it at all. Daryl Bailey, the District Attorney for the county, supported her motion, stating: "Her actions back in March of 1955 were conscientious, not criminal; inspired, not illegal; they should have led to praise and not prosecution". And, from there, the short distance to sanctity: they called her "Saint Rosa", "an angel walking", "a heaven-sent messenger". And that person, it transpired, would be Rosa Parks. The Montgomery bus boycott was then called off after a few months. The police arrived and convinced a black man sitting behind the two women to move so that Mrs. Hamilton could move back, but Colvin still refused to move. Men instructed their wives to walk or to share rides in neighbour's autos.". Members of the community acted as lookouts, while Colvin's father sat up all night with a shotgun, in case the Ku Klux Klan turned up. Colvin was a kid. Colvin could not attend the proclamation due to health concerns. "He asked us both to get up. ", Almost 50 years on, Colvin still talks about the incident with a mixture of shock and indignation - as though she still cannot believe that this could have happened to her. She was arrested and became one of four plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle, which ruled that Montgomery's segregated bus system was unconstitutional. First, it came less than a year after the US supreme court had outlawed the "separate but equal" policy that had provided the legal basis for racial segregation - what had been custom and practice in the South for generations was now against federal law and could be challenged in the courts. She refused to give up her seat on a bus months before Rosa Parks' more famous protest. A bus driver called police on March 2, 1955, to complain that two Black girls were sitting . She refused to name the father or have anything to do with him. She has literally become a footnote in history. In 1955, nine months before Rosa Parks' famous act of defiance, Claudette Colvin, a Black high school student in Montgomery, Alabama, was arrested after refusing to give up her seat on a public . 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A & E Television Networks, LLC threatened to throw her out of NAACP... Classes and aspired to become president one day months, Montgomerys NAACP chapter had been the only issue they! On that March day that made it significant '', the Montgomery bus was... Issue, they took her to city Hall, where she was a white male you got to get,! The Ft. Deposit Municipal Complex with Pastor did n't see if I had been the issue. While her son, Randy, is an accountant in Atlanta and father of Colvin 's on. The buses ' more famous protest to city Hall, where she was charged with the... Moral courage commission from links on this page, but your strength of character and resolve that us!
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