In addition, Malcolm X intended his characteristic use of language and imagery to disguise his conceptions of society and history[28] in new ways to put issues into his perspective for his audience and inspire activism. A coward can sit. This portion of Malcolm X's speech brings to mind Frederick Douglass's famous speech "What, to the Slave, Is the Fourth of July?" anti-degradation . George Washington and Patrick Henry didnt win the American revolution, the soldiers did. He chose this speech to express cause and effect within the black community because he wants his audience to see that they are being taken advantage of. I think the title suggests an ultimatum between voting or violence, and one action or the other is to be done depending on how the government will handle the case. This government has failed the Negro". He calls out America's double standards and wants the world to see the reality behind the mask of its ideals. Relying on peaceful protests such as sit-ins castrates the black man, says Malcolm. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Dixicrats: a southern segregationist faction of the Democratic Party. By contrast, Martin Luther King Jr. advocates for an engagement of Civil Disobedience by calling for nonviolent direct action which allows for African Americans to be heard by forcing their, How Does Malcolm X Use Ethos In The Ballot Or The Bullet, The Ballot or the Bullet is a speech delivered by Malcolm X in 1964. We have to see each other as brothers and sisters. Through repetition of inflammatory phrases and accusatory diction both which create appeals to anger, Malcolm X effectively persuades his audience during The Ballot Or The Bullet.. Malcolm X was a civil rights leader and part of The Nation of Islam. We have to see each other with new eyes. This statement exemplifies how Malcolm X's thinking began to shift concerning the Civil Rights Movement after leaving the Nation of Islam and continued down this path while on his pilgrimage to Mecca. At his press conference, Malcolm X said that "in areas where our people are the constant victims of brutality, and the government seems unable or unwilling to protect them, we should form rifle clubs that can be used to defend our lives and our property in times of emergency". In "The Ballot or the Bullet", Malcolm chose not to discuss religion but rather to stress the experiences common to African Americans of all backgrounds. "The Ballot or the Bullet" opens by addressing the differences in religious beliefs that divide the African-American community. After Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson threw his support behind the civil rights bill. Have all your study materials in one place. The issue of integrated communities, he claims, is moot, because as soon as African-Americans move into a white community, the whites will move elsewhere. Let it be the ballot or the bullet. With the help of properly chosen stylistic means, Malcolm X was able to create a powerful speech and become a famous figure in American history. What is Malcolm X's rhetorical strategy in The Ballot or the Bullet? Instead of crying and be depressed with his lost, he continued to study. After you go (threw, through) that intersection, take the next left tum. However, he clarifies that they have yet to see the America dream but only to experience the American nightmare (para 11). The main aim of the speech is to urge African Americans to vote, and if they do not attain equality through voting, they can use violence to fight for their rights. Human rights activist Malcolm X in his speech, "The Ballot or the Bullet" reiterates the injustice in America towards people of color and inspires the black community to use their power in numbers in the election (ballot) or if necessary by force (bullet). . Malcolm X began his speech by acknowledging that he was still a Muslim, but he quickly added that he didn't intend to discuss religion or any other issues that divide African Americans. Publicly, his criticisms of the system fell on mostly deaf ears. . resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. The most significant modification of Malcolm X's rhetoric that can be observed in "The Ballot or the Bullet" is the broadening of his audience, as he "emphasizes individualized judgement rather than group cohesion"[29] and allows for more analytical "flexibility restrained by a purposive focus on particular goals. . $4.00. You don't throw your ballots until you see a target, and if that target is not within your reach, keep your ballot in your pocket. Parallelism His black protectionist outlook called separation instead of unity and equality. Southern Democrats (sometimes called Dixiecrats, though the term is ambiguous and more properly refers to a short-lived separate political party), blocked the bill from consideration by the House of Representatives. And anyone who puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. He also references Abraham Lincoln's statement, "To give victory to the right, not bloody bullets, but peaceful ballots only, are necessary," from his speech on May 18, 1858. Malcolm X, a Muslim, credits Elijah Muhammed, the leader of the Nation of Islam, with making him into the man he is today. It means that when white people are evenly divided, and Black people have a bloc of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine who's going to sit in the White House and who's going to be in the dog house. Tone and Mood The tone is provocative and righteous. Putting normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases together to generate a new/interseting effect. There he is standing up in front of other people, Uncle Sam, with the blood of your and mine mothers and fathers on his hands, with the blood dripping down his jaws like a bloody-jawed wolf", Ap Lang Rhetorical Strategies -- "The Ballot, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Exploration/Colonization - American Revolution. Malcolm X was a fighter for civil rights. ", "As they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion;", extreme exaggeration of something that in reality may be quite logical to prove a point, "If the late President Kennedy could get together with Khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with each other than Kennedy and Khrushchev had with each other. Though he holds different religious beliefs from King and Powell, all three men are united by their prodigious work as civil rights advocates. The Ballot or the Bullet is a speech delivered by Malcolm X in 1964. To build a more compelling case against white Americans and the political class, meant to inspire the audience to fight for their rights with any means, the speaker uses a series of language tools called rhetorical devices. In addition, many African American men have fought and died in each war the United States has been involved in. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. (Malcolm X) Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925. . Let him go in there right now and take a moral stand right now, not later. If the ballot doesn't work, Malcolm X says, then African-Americans will have to resort to the bullet. The local governments of the African-American communities should be managed by African Americans. "Those Honkies that just got off the boat, they're already Americans; Polacks are already Americans; the Italian refugees are already Americans. Malcolm uses emotions because he wants the audience to feel the events in America especially when it comes the time to vote. He made his "The Ballot or the Bullet" speech during April, 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio. When Malcolm X says "the ballot or the bullet," he reframes Patrick Henry's famous quote "Give me liberty or give me death." [20] He reiterated his position that if the government is "unwilling or unable to defend the lives and the property of Negroes", African Americans should defend themselves. Directly or indirectly labeling those against you in a negative way. Not affiliated with Harvard College. [14], Malcolm said that relying on the federal government to force local governments to obey civil rights laws was futile. Frederick Douglass escaped slavery in 1838 and eventually became a respected statesman and advisor to Abraham Lincoln. You can subscribe to whichever religious beliefs youd like, and remain a member of whichever civic organizations youd like. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Ballot or the Bullet by Malcolm X. Malcolm X highlights the frustrating struggle of African Americans' fight to be able to vote by mentioning John F. Kennedy's desire to force Cuba to have democratic elections. in "the Ballot or the Bullet" with Malcom X. what made the speaker qualified to give this speech. He was also muslim. Malcolm X advised African Americans to judiciously exercise their right . ", "He made a chump out of you. In his, "The Ballot or the Bullet" was a public acknowledgment of. ", indicating your audience may suffer harm/negative consequence if they dont agree with you, "The year when all of the political white crooks will" (The Ballet or the Bullet), "All these Negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the White House with a Texan, a Southern cracker" (The Ballot or the Bullet). repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses, "It's got to be the ballot or the bullet. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. Malcolm X states that, since 1964 was an election year, it was the year for African Americans to stand up and show the United States government they would no longer wait for the rights they deserve. He points out in 'The Ballot or the Bullet' that the Supreme Court has ruled against segregation, so those trying to enforce it, including the government, are "criminals" (1964). Malcolm X: ( 06:52) The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we should own, and operate, and control the economy of our community. The black man is not born free, he is born in jail, victim of structural oppression and to the hypocrisy of a government that claims to represent the interests of all Americans. [15], Malcolm X described his continued commitment to black nationalism, which he defined as the philosophy that African Americans should govern their own communities. It took decades for the men involved to be prosecuted as FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover, prevented their prosecution in 1968. A ballot is like a bullet. The social philosophy of black nationalism advocates for reform of the community and reconstruction of it so it is more welcoming:[18]. It outlawed segregation. They reflect the rising racial tension in the United States as African Americans and the white man clashed in increasingly violent ways over giving African Americans the rights that should have been their birthright as United States citizens. Malcolm provides an economic summary of black nationalism: African-Americans should buy from African-American owned and operated businesses so as to feed the prosperity of their own communities and lift the levelto a higher levelso that we will be satisfied in our own circles and wont be running around here to knock our way into a social circle where were not wanted. This economic attitude is in keeping with the larger social and political attitudes of separatism that marked black nationalism, which claimed that integration would only result in further oppression of black peoples and advocated, as the name suggests, for entirely separate and self-governed communities. Why was "The Ballot or the Bullet" important? In what follows, we will look at some of the most important rhetorical devices used by the speaker and how they work with the speech. Cone, pp. Meanwhile, the American dream of equal opportunity is not one that applies to African-Americans. Malcolm X is the minister of Muslim Mosque Incorporated, just like Martin Luther King and Adam Clayton Powell are both Christian ministers. Let it be the ballot or the bullet. Due to the lack of government the dichotomy between african americans and the white men was still a major problem ; as African americans needed to put and end to the separation and earn civil rights. Religious differences, he worries, might hinder solidarity in the African-American community. Note that these are only some examples and not a full list of all the devices the speaker uses. "[30] These changes expanded his appeal, therefore expanding his audience, illustrating his ability to use the freedom he found after separating from the Nation of Islam to his advantage in advancing himself as a member of the Civil Rights Movement. He made his The Ballot or the Bullet speech during April, 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio. The Black Panther Party was organized in 1966 in California to combat police brutality, and it eventually spread to many other parts of the country. Let him know that it must be the ballot or the bullet."( page 3 paragraph 3) This few but moving lines show the emotional side of how the african americans feel. Malcolm X then orders President Johnson to push through the civil rights legislation that had been floundering in Congress to avoid the dire consequences that would occur if African Americans continued to be denied them. These tools make The Ballot or the Bullet more memorable and help the speaker maintain his audiences attention. "The Ballot or the Bullet" speech was delivered by Malcolm X on March 3, 1964 at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio. Unlike the 1963 March on Washington, which was peaceful and integrated, the 1964 march Malcolm described would be an all-Black "non-nonviolent army" with one-way tickets. in "the Ballot or the Bullet" with Malcom X. what made the speaker qualified to give this speech. He declares that everyone must join together to get the United Nations involved before the situation is entirely out of control. Malcolm speaks from a personal perspective. [13], According to Malcolm, one of the ways in which the government had "failed the Negro" was its unwillingness to enforce the law. It's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. He also explains that if the government continues to take away the rights of African-Americans, that the entire population of African-Americans should take up arms. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. If the ballot = the political system and the bullet = civil rebellion, what type of figurative language does the title employ? He came back to America with renewed purpose and a new perspective that redefined racism as an American rather than a black versus white problem. First he says, It. [15], The proper solution, Malcolm X said, was to elevate the struggle of African Americans from one of civil rights to one of human rights. Post navigation . Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Malcolm speaks out to all who are willing to obtain their civil rights.In Ballot or Bullet Malcolm X uses Anaphora, Antithesis, Ethical Appeal, Word choice, and Rhetorical question to show the lack of support from government and how coming together can help fight back. A march led by the Black Panthers, Wikimedia Commons. The current dispute mandate runs out on 6 May, and so the new ballot will run from 20 March until 9 May. Malcolm Xs speech was an effective example of pathetic because he understands the mindset that the audience is in, and knows what to say to excite them about his cause. The media misconstrued Malcolm X's calls for self-defense as calls for violence. Civil rights leaders questioned whether the messages in "The Ballot or the Bullet" were shared in the most effective manner. Examining Ethos, Pathos, and Logos in Malcolm X's "BAllot or the Bullet" speech. Malcolm X analyzes why following the Democratic Party is not in the best interest of African Americans since the Democrats allow the "Dixiecrats" a place in their organization to retain power. April 8, 2021; energy difference between n=1 and n=2 in joules. "The Ballot or the Bullet" is a speech made by Malcolm X in Cleveland, Ohio, on April 3, 1964. Malcolm X defines black nationalism as the philosophy that African-Americans should control the politics and the politicians in (their) own community. Economically, it means frequenting African-American owned and operated businesses, whose profit will feed back into the black community and strengthen it. Malcolm X wa the leading black figure in the American Civil Rights movement advocating for a stronger even violent response to White American apathy of black rights. The title of Malcolm X's speech, "The Ballot or the Bullet," suggests an ultimatum between voting or violence, an attempt by the speaker to convince the audience that one action or the other is absolutely necessary depending on the actions of the enemy - in this case, the U.S. government. Using the comment feature in Microsoft Word, this resource includes critical commentary and analysis of the figurative and connotative meanings, rhetorical devices (logos, ethos, pathos), parallelism, allusions, themes aligned with the RI1, RI2, RI4, RI6, and RI8 standards from the Common Core . Originally obtained from. In this first section of the speech, Malcolm relies on appealing to the pride of the African-American community, particularly through language centering on the emasculation of black peoples and the necessity of relying on brute force over peaceful protest. The dollar is taken from the African-American community and given to outsiders. False. "The Ballot or the Bullet" educated many African Americans on the importance of their right to vote and instructed them to avoid falling victim to false promises and only use their vote when it gives them something in return. Marginalized peoples in other countries have only been successful in gaining independence when they have taken up the cause of nationalism. parallelism "And until we become politically mature we will always be mislead, lead astray, or deceived or maneuvered into supporting someone politically who doesn't have the good of our community at heart." epistrophe "They don't hang you because you're a Baptist; they hang you 'CAUSE YOU'RE BLACK. The Ballot or the Bullet by Malcolm X: Rhetorical Analysis If you don't take this stand now your kids will grow up and think "shame" Rhetorical Strategies Malcolm X uses a lot of strong dialect . In this case, Malcolm X makes an analogy between Russia-US international cooperationand cooperation among African Americans of different religions fighting for the same cause: If the late President Kennedy could get together with Khrushchev and exchange s. The title "The Ballot or the Bullet" has an underlining meaning. Let him know that it must be the ballot or the bullet.. Before this ultimatum could ever be proposed . Sign up to highlight and take notes. [17], Malcolm said that the philosophy of Black nationalism was being taught in the major civil rights organizations, including the NAACP, CORE, and SNCC. When a racial powder keg goes off, it doesn't care who it knocks out of the way. So too will the black community win by force, and not by peaceful protest. Why does Malcolm X say he and other African Americans are not really Americans? Which means a segregationist is breaking the law. 11. Southern Democrats had promised to oppose the bill. Grolier India > Latest News > Uncategorized > parallelism in the ballot or the bullet. In the speech "The Ballot or the Bullet" Malcolm X utilizes antithesis, allusion, and metaphors in order to convince his audience to take a stand against segregation whether peacefully, if possible, and if not, by force. Malcolm X says he and other African Americans are not really Americans because they have to fight for the same rights others are given by birth. [5] The Nation of Islam, which advocated on behalf of African Americans, had significant disagreements with the Civil Rights Movement. Malcolm's purpose was to emphasize the idea that the black community needs to be . He emphasizes that the Negro vote is the key factor (para 12) that it is the only reason why they Democratic Party is a part of the government. "They don't have to pass civil rights legislation to make a Polack an American," said Malcolm X "The Ballot or the Bullet," a speech he made on April 3, 1964, in Cleveland, Ohio. Our faith is sure, our resolve is firm, and our union is strong. "The Ballot or the Bullet" asks African Americans to put aside their differences and work together to redefine their civil rights as human rights so they can plead their case to the United Nations. The repetition of the phrase the ballot or the bullet shows how that community of people feel about change. "The Ballot or the Bullet" also marked a notable shift in Malcolm X's rhetoric, as he presented previously undiscussed ways of looking at the relationship between blacks and whites. Malcolm X speech was not a success because he made the Nation of Islam a regular group, which devoted limitless acts of violence and hate, giving the federal more validation to dissociate and categorize African Americans. Antithesis refers to creating contrast between ideas, concepts, or people to maintain the audiences attention and to emphasize an idea thespeakersupports. Whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. The white politicians would come into black neighborhoods and push, press, and force it upon blacks to put them in office. You can't open up a black store in a white community. Correct the word in italics. How does Malcolm X think the civil rights problem should be solved? Malcolm X was no banal man he was a extravagant civil rights speaker, he showed the truth on how coming together can put the end to African American indifference. Malcolm X frequently uses provocative language to incite anger in his audience, as is evident in his accusation that the white man has made a fool out of you. Here, he is utilizing the rhetorical device of pathos, or appealing to the audiences emotions, to his advantage. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about,", "I'm not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, I'm not a student of much of anything. "I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. Instead, he was going to emphasize the common experience of African Americans of all faiths:[8]. repetition of the first word of a clause at the end of the same clause, intentional repitition of 3 or more consanant sounds among nearby words, "If we don't do something real soon, I think you'll have to agree that we're going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet. You're nothing but Africans. One of the goals of the Civil Rights Movement was to end disenfranchisement of African Americans, but the Nation of Islam forbade its members from participating in the political process. Instead of promoting peace to solve problems, Malcolm X used violence when necessary to get his points across to his audience. He also delivered the speech about a week later in Detroit, Michigan, on April 12, 1964. The bill was passed by the House on February 10, 1964, and sent to the Senate for consideration. "The Ballot or the Bullet," a famous civil rights speech delivered by Malcolm X Malcolm X religious beliefs had caused controversy within the Black community. Thesis: In The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm X in his telling of his life to Alex Haley uncovers the theme of positive and negative environments unearthed by the interaction of African Americans and White Americans in his life and what those kinds of environments inherently produce. Whereas the Civil Rights Movement advocated on behalf of integration and against segregation, the Nation of Islam favored separatism. True or False: Malcolm X believed African Americans should vote for whoever told them they would give them more rights.
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