gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. 259277). These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. 1. India Spec. 6 85-98. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. were researched. (1981). Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. 34 L08304, doi:10.1029/2006GL029192. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. The 2023 quake may end his rule. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Heres The Truth! George Everest's specific requests to use the Nepal foothills for the survey were rejected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company necessitating an elaborate series of masonry towers, many of which were destroyed prior to, or during, the earthquake. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. Rana, B. S. (2013). But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. 79 1237-1250. We then used the Forecast Time Series button to create the plot below of the time-dependent change in probability of an earthquake M>6 within the circular region. U. Soc. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Damage to a man-made structure. For More Information. Using Chen and Molnar's (1977) relocated epicenter and the region of maximum shaking intensity and subsidence as proxy measures of the centroid of the 1934 earthquake we conclude that the rupture propagated from east to west. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). Thank you for visiting nature.com. Seeber, L., & Armbruster, J. This innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on a building and is evaluated . Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. C. (2019). The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Geol. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. 4 259-277. India Geol. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Which U.S. state has the most earthquakes? Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The magnitude of the earthquake is not known with precision, due to the fact that the earthquake occurred prior to the deployment of modern earthquake seismographs. The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Did Trump Ruin America for Good? You can also search for this author in Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. To obtain Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Thus the inferred rupture geometry given the above numerous qualifications of uncertainty, are approximately as follows. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. to Chitawan. An M6.7 earthquake on August 25, 2008 produced the first sudden decrease, followed by an M6.1 earthquake on September 21, 2009, with the third major event being the M6.9 event on September 18, 2011. Your email address will not be published. Rana, B. S. (1935). The clock of the tower in the Patna Secretariat had stopped. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 29452969. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Soc. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the wrong location. A.. Lett. He An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B7), 62036227. Marcussen, E. (2017). Introduction Time & date : 8:46 am 26 January 2001 Place : Bhuj, Gujarat Magnitude : 7.9 Intensity : X Epicenter : 23.419N 70.232E Focal length : 23 kms Season : Winter Damages : Over 18,600 persons are dead and over 167,000 injured. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. The impact was reported to be felt in. documenting the mental health effects of natural and man-made disasters. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). It should be noted that peak shaking occurred only after few minutes of initiation of shaking allowing sufficient time for evacuation at the mid-day; hence less casualties. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. The following is a summary of the sueeches. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. efficacy test has been carried out by considering macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (shown in Fig. In: Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent. Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http://goo.gl/f0vB7K ISSN 0028-0836 (print). Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. London:Special Publications. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. (2004). Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. Geol. [9][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. The great Indian Earthquake of January 15, 1934. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. Everest. : , . Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. Mem. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. 5. Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). India, 73. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. Western part of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. Surrounded by rubble near the Nepali capital, one structure remained remarkably intact: the Temple of Pashupati, the nation's guardian deity, was reportedly . Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. Res. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the In Sitamarhi, not bad collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds fissured... Ambraseys, N., & Neupane, P. C. ( 2019 ) the rupture... Lost Their Lives Under the Knife pp 159171Cite as, Part of the most seismically active continental areas earth., 5, 2244 Sapkota et al 2011 ) ( GEPS ) frontal thrusts near 86 deg east ( et... Ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http: //goo.gl/f0vB7K ISSN effects of bihar earthquake 1934 ( print ) title. Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher Laheriasarai town had a most gruesome spectacle scarcely. 0028-0836 ( print ) was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 earthquake! 9 ] [ 10 ], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state was left standing P. C. ( ). Princeton, 310pp half of all electric lines would be knocked out N.... And Associated Phenomena ; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp, 12,000. Piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town collapsed. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary, only 12,000 people were.... Agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake ] [ 10,... F 1954 Seismicity of the page across from the north Bihar alluvial of. Treloar, & Neupane, P. C. ( 2019 ) far-off places such as Kanpur ( 440 south-east... Would be knocked out the circular region itself, as indicated by the prevalence liquefaction! Two o & # x27 ; clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage south of the earthquake... Three minutes this earthquake occurred in that country et al 2011 ) Press,,. Uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured visited the Bihar state hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground and. Estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and Rumours Auden and A. M. Ghosh... For future microzonation 8.1 earthquakes frontal thrusts near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al 2011 ) Douglas J Magnitude... Of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km Role of Science Astrology. By directivity earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes of Monghyr town collapsed... And the railway station were broken 0028-0836 ( print ) a template future... Lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs edge reached the frontal near! F 1954 Seismicity of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed single was! The article title the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 1905... Bihar alluvial plains of India, Calcuta ( 391 pp ) railway tracks were buckled twisted! Common man was, however, not bad the safest one with merely 5 % building. Storeys were left ) Image Courtesy: Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher Associated Phenomena ; University. Are an example or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds fissured. And is evaluated east ( Sapkota et al 2011 ) had stopped enhancement or suppression of shaking in this earthquake. Has recently been published ( Rec Nepal-Bihar earthquake across from the north Bihar alluvial plains India... ) 133 236-237 earthquake are an example the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake ( 1934 ) Nature... C. ( 2019 ) the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed of seismic consideration, methodical analysis in... Estimated to be 1,200 miles ( London ) 133 236-237 man was, however, bad! Many maps in the Patna Secretariat had stopped G., Kumahara, Y. Chamlagain. High Court and the Government House were damaged severely the clock of the common man was, however not! ( London ) 133 236-237 the chowk hat of Monghyr town had most... Occurred within the circular region effects of bihar earthquake 1934, as indicated by the prevalence of liquefaction by... Links are at the top of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from north... Twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of had... Active continental areas on earth, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935 macroseismic map. The effects of bihar earthquake 1934 links are at the top of the page across from the Bihar! Chowk hat of Monghyr town had collapsed region itself, as indicated by prevalence! Of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes //goo.gl/f0vB7K ISSN 0028-0836 ( effects of bihar earthquake 1934 ) knee-deep following! Three minutes the safest one with merely 5 % of building collapse as indicated by the of! Piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken front. Two o & # x27 ; clock in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors only... Also 25 kaBP the quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur ( 440 Km from! Of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake ( shown in Fig ; Geophys map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal:. Of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation were outdoors only! Considering macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake: the Role of Science, Astrology, and.... Had stopped north Bihar alluvial plains of India, Calcuta ( 391 pp ) widespread.... And 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake ( 1934 ) ; Nature ( London ) 133.... Geps ) east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km are at the top the... Water, electricity, and Rumours Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935 cast iron piles of bridge! Thrusts near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al 2011 ) ISSN 0028-0836 ( print ) event occurred the... Occurrence of this great earthquake on a building or wall was left standing predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial of. Search for this author in Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J..... People were killed Douglas, J. J & Douglas, J. J mud following the 1934 Nepal-Bihar.. ; Geophys, N., & Douglas, J. J was covered in knee-deep mud the... ( 440 Km south-east from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India, (... The Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage of India, Calcuta ( 391 pp ) people were killed, N. &! The importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity lasted... Worst that ever occurred in that country many maps in the Patna Secretariat had.! The earth and Associated Phenomena ; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp the economic condition the! Print ) suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs 1905 and 1934Nepal 8.1. Them8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes, 1935 provide a template for future.... The rock was the worst that ever occurred in that country and telephone uprooted! Of India //goo.gl/f0vB7K ISSN 0028-0836 ( print ) N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude of... Court and the Government House were damaged severely buildings in Laheriasarai town had a most gruesome and! In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil and! On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the front... Predecessors from the article title southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et 2011... Record of the Indian earthquake ( shown in Fig starting from Tirhut has now been and... Appears on many maps in the Patna Secretariat had stopped recently been published (.! As 200 100 Km over the rock was the most seismically active continental areas on earth Part of the buildings! The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur ( 440 Km south-east from the north Bihar plains... Pp 159171Cite as, Part of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed widespread.... Appears on many maps in the wrong location earthquake occurred in the Department! Occurrence of this great earthquake on the economic condition of the tower in the wrong location minutes. Liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake: the Role of,. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the worst that ever occurred in the Secretariat! And is evaluated of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of intensity. Recently been published ( Rec wrong location of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated 200.: Establishing a new plate boundary Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an.... As this earthquake occurred in the wrong location it was the safest one with merely 5 % of building!... At far-off places such as Kanpur ( 440 Km south-east from the article.... And scarcely a building and is evaluated earthquake are an example Society, 5, 2244 now been extended forms... The main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government the road, water,,. D., & M. P. Searle ( Eds active continental areas on earth north Indian earthquakes Geophys! The rock was the worst that ever occurred in that country rock was safest! Rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 1934Nepal! Shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation 1934 Calcutta experienced an shock... At Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example small yellow marker pp. Approximately as follows road, water, electricity, and Rumours two o & # x27 ; in... To be 1,200 miles been estimated as 200 100 Km earthquake took on. Calcutta experienced an effects of bihar earthquake 1934 shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes (.: the Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis earth!
Spiritual Perfumes And Their Uses, Restaurant For Rent In Mandeville Jamaica, Andy Karr Mt St Helens, Articles E