Chen Shui-bian and his party had continued to express an ultimate goal of de jure Taiwanese independence, and made statements on the political status of Taiwan that the PRC considers provocative. His administration was known for its focus more on technocratic competence than persona. Zhu De | [4] His branch of the family migrated from Jixi County, Anhui to Taizhou during his grandfather's generation. [29]. Im Januar 2014 wurde aufgrund von Recherchen des Centers for Public Integrity („Offshore-Leaks“) bekannt, dass die Familie des ehemaligen Staatspräsidenten über seinen Neffen Hu Yishi Gelder durch die Gründung von Offshore-Briefkastengesellschaften ins Ausland verlagert hat. At Song Ping's suggestion, in 1982 central CCP authorities invited Hu to Beijing to study at the Central Party School. Though his father owned a small tea trading business in Taizhou, the family was relatively poor. The response to the SARS public health crisis and the massive expansion of health insurance coverage for middle- to low-income citizens earned Hu accolades domestically. upr. [25] They focused on sectors of the Chinese population that have been left behind by the economic reform, and have taken a number of high-profile trips to the poorer areas of China with the stated goal of understanding these areas better. Big Winner From Taiwan's Presidential Vote: Chinese President Hu Jintao The biggest political heavyweights from Taiwan’s ruling Nationalist Party – formally known as … Born on December 21, 1942, he ruled China from 2002 to 2012 during which the country witnessed consistent economic growth and became a formidable world superpower. He headed the Communist Youth League in Gansu and became party chief in Tibet and Guizhou. Hu Jintao ho͞o´ jĭn´tou´ , 1942–, Chinese political leader, b. Jixi, Anhui prov. November 2012 erklärte Hu Jintao auf dem Parteitag der KPCh seinen Rücktritt vom Parteivorsitz. Deng Xiaoping | Im nächsten Jahr wurde er dort Vizeseniorchef. Published: 10 Aug 2013 . [12] Soon after, he was transferred to Beijing and appointed as secretariat of the Communist Youth League Central Committee ("CY Central"). Hier knüpfte er Kontakte zu Deng Nan, der Tochter Deng Xiaopings, und Hu Deping, dem Sohn Hu Yaobangs. Chen called for talks without any preconditions, repudiating the 1992 consensus. Hu Jintao By Orville Schell Wednesday, Dec. 19, 2007. The codes differ from the ideologies of his predecessors, namely, Jiang's Three Represents, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and Mao Zedong Thought in that the focus, for the first time, has been shifted to codifying moral standards as opposed to setting social or economic goals. Chen Duxiu | Hu Jintao wurde 1942 in Jiangyan (Provinz Jiangsu) geboren. "Hu Jintao and the sixth Plenum. Machtwechsel: Glückwünsche für den neuen chinesischen Präsidenten X Jinping von seinem Vorgänger Hu Jintao Bild: AFP. "Hu Jintao's Political Thinking and Legitimacy Building: A Post-Marxist Perspective. provisorisch: Dong Biwu, Vorsitzende des Ständigen Ausschusses des Nationalen Volkskongresses: He sought to improve socio-economic equality domestically through the Scientific Outlook on Development, which aimed to build a "Harmonious Socialist Society" that was prosperous and free of social conflict. ", Zhao Suisheng, "Chinese foreign policy under Hu Jintao: The struggle between low-profile policy and diplomatic activism. Furthermore, the cronyism and corruption plaguing China's civil service, military, educational, judicial and medical systems sought to destroy the country bit by bit. [33] Hu was listed four times (2008, 2007, 2005 and 2004) on the Time 100 annual list of most influential people. November 2002 wurde Hu Jintao zum neuen Generalsekretär der Kommunistischen Partei der Volksrepublik China gewählt. During this period, he also served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of the country from 2003 to 2013. His branch of the family migrated from Jixi County, Anhui to Taizhou during his grandfather's generation. Die Kommunistische Partei Chinas hat Xi Jinping zum neuen Generalsekretär ernannt. ", Narayanan, Raviprasad. "[25] Such a society, he says, will give full scope to people's talent and creativity, enable all the people to share the social wealth brought by reform and development, and forge an ever-closer relationship between the people and government. In late 1998, Hu promoted Jiang's unpopular movement of the "Three Stresses" – "stress study, stress politics, and stress healthy trends" – giving speeches to promote it. Hu was also put in charge of the ideological work of the CCP. Hu possessed a modest and reserved leadership style. The role of the Party has changed, as formulated by Deng Xiaoping and implemented by Jiang Zemin, from a revolutionary party to a ruling party. [16] In 1988, Hu Jintao was transferred to become Party Regional Committee Secretary of the Tibetan Autonomous Region, while also taking on the role of Political Commissar of the local People's Liberation Army units. Hu is also said to possess a photographic memory that became evident in his high school days. Xi will am reformkurs festhalten. Hu even emphasized the potential of religious communities to contribute to economic and social development under the banner of "Building a Harmonious Socialist Society. Latest; Search. [43] After several months of negotiations, in December 2008, the two sides agreed on the resumption of the Three Links, i.e., a re-opening of mail, trade, and direct air links between the two sides. His tenure was characterized by collective leadership and consensus-based rule. [5], He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in April 1964 and began to work as an engineer in July 1965 after he graduated from the Water Conservancy Engineering Department at Tsinghua University, where he majored in the study of hub hydropower stations.[6]. [14] Hu attempted to improve the economy of the backwater province, and reputedly visited all of its eighty-six counties. Xi Jinping. Two years later Hu was promoted to First Secretary of CY Central, thus its actual leader. In response to this nationwide search for young party members, Song Ping, the first secretary of CCP Gansu Committee (Gansu's governor) discovered Hu Jintao and promoted him several ranks to the position of deputy head of the commission. 1974 wurde er, ebenfalls in Gansu, Sekretär der Kommission für Investbau. 胡錦濤; pinyin Hú Jǐntāo; ur. provisorisch: Song Qingling | Minor clashes had been occurring since 1987, and when the scale of unrest grew, Hu responded with the deployment of some 1,700 People's Armed Police into Lhasa in February 1989 in an attempt to warn against further disturbance. Xi Jinping, Vorsitzender des Zentralrates der Volksregierung: Die dort 1987 ausbrechenden Studentenproteste behandelte er mit Vorsicht. In 1980, Deng Xiaoping implemented the "Four Transformations" program which aimed to produce communist leaders who were "more revolutionary, younger, more knowledgeable, and more specialized." [26], On 15 November 2002, a new Hu Jintao-led Politburo nominally succeeded Jiang. On 20 March 2008, the Kuomintang under Ma Ying-jeou won the presidency in Taiwan, and a majority in the Legislative Yuan. HU JINTAO POSTER: Make a poster showing the different stages of the life of Hu Jintao. He has been noted for his liking of table tennis and ballroom dancing. Personal. Erstmals seit zehn Jahren besuchte mit Hu Jintao Ende 2006 ein chinesischer Präsident das Nachbarland Indien. Ye Jianying | Hu Jintao: 15. [28] In 2003, Jiang was also re-elected to the post of Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CCP. Durch die Nachfolge in diesen drei Ämtern wurde Hu Jintao zum neuen Paramount Leader (Führer von Partei, Staat und Armee) der Volksrepublik China und gilt eher als „Hardliner“ denn als Reformer. Hu's father was denounced during the Cultural Revolution, an event that (together with his relatively humble origins) apparently had a deep effect upon Hu, who diligently tried to clear his father's name. 1982 wurde Hu Sekretär des Kommunistischen Jugendverbandes Gansus. Innerhalb dieses politischen Rahmens stellte er moderate Reformen in Aussicht. Under his leadership, the authorities also cracked down on social disturbances, ethnic minority protests, and dissident figures. Hu was born into a merchant family and grew up in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. While Hu gave some signs of being more flexible with regard to political relationships with Taiwan as in his 17 May Statement, where he offered to address the issue of "international living space" for Taiwan, Hu's government remained firm in its position that the PRC would not tolerate any attempt by the Taiwanese government to declare de jure independence from China.[38]. He is a direct descendant of the Ming dynasty general Hu Zongxian, known for fighting Japanese pirates. This was seen as a message to the establishment and Jiang Zemin that elders should retire according to protocol and avoid meddling in the affairs of their successors. 21 grudnia 1942 w Taizhou) – chiński polityk, sekretarz generalny Komunistycznej Partii Chin w latach 2002–2012, przewodniczący Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej od 15 marca 2003 do 14 marca 2013.Życiorys. Hu Jintao | In addition, Hu noted the need for "increased democracy" in the country. While it is general protocol that Hu must have at least implicitly approved the use of force against protesters, whether he actually gave orders throughout 5 March is a matter of debate. [20] In addition, John Tkacik cites that Hu had been coordinating with the Chengdu Military Region for troops to be on full alert as the situation progressed. What emerges from these philosophies, in the view of Hu, is a country with systematic approach to national structure and development that combines dynamic economic growth, a free market energized by a vigorous "nonpublic" (i.e., private) sector, heavy-handed political and media control, personal but not political freedoms, concern for the welfare of all citizens, cultural enlightenment, and a synergistic approach to diverse social issues (the Scientific Development Perspective) that lead, in Hu's vision, to a "Harmonious Socialist Society". Jixi, Anhui prov. The move was seen by the Chinese public as symbolic of Hu's attitude towards corruption. Zu diesem Anlass nahm Hu ein Truppen-Defilee ab und hielt eine Ansprache zur Lage der Nation, China werde an seiner erfolgreichen Variante des Sozialismus auch in Zukunft festhalten. Liu Shaoqi | [13] Diese Eigenschaften trugen zu Hus rätselhaftem Image in der Öffentlichkeit bei. In March 2005, the Anti-Secession Law was passed by the National People's Congress, formalizing "non-peaceful means" as an option of response to a declaration of independence in Taiwan. They have two children together, Hu Haifeng and Hu Haiqing. Von 1969 bis 1974 arbeitete er als Ingenieur für das sinohydrische Ingenieursbüro Nummer 4. Song Qingling, Staatspräsidenten: Zeng Qinghong, for example, moved from a disciple of Jiang to serving as an intermediary between the two factions. Dezember 1942 in Jiangyan, bezirksfreie Stadt Taizhou) ist ein Politiker der Volksrepublik China. to third-generation leaders (Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Qiao Shi etc.). ", Ding, Yijiang. [12] Auch den Vorsitz der Zentralen Militärkommission legte er mit sofortiger Wirkung nieder. Er wurde auch nicht mehr in das Zentralkomitee der Partei gewählt. ", Fewsmith, Joseph. Sein Vater war Teehändler, der später während der Kulturrevolution denunziert wurde. Clear this text input. "[31] Forbes also named him the second most powerful person in the world. Hu Jintao. Whether this is Hu's contribution to Marxist theory is debatable, but its general reception with the Chinese public has been moderate. [2] At the end of his tenure, Hu won praise for retiring voluntarily from all positions. Der US-Präsident stand beim Staatsbesuch von Chinas Staatschef Hu Jintao vor einer komplizierten Aufgabe. In the beginning of 2006, however, Hu launched the "8 Honours and 8 Shames" movement in a bid to promote a more selfless and moral outlook amongst the population[26] When tanks rolled into Tiananmen Square, Hu was one of the first regional leaders to publicly declare his support for the central authorities. Im nächsten Frühjahr soll Xi Staatspräsident Hu Jintao an der Staatsspitze ablösen. Tavis Coburn for TIME. Hu was the first leader of the Communist Party from a generation younger than those who participated in the civil war and the founding of the republic. Throughout Hu's tenure, China's influence in Africa, Latin America, and other developing regions increased. In foreign policy, Hu advocated for "China's peaceful development", pursuing soft power in international relations and a corporate approach to diplomacy. [52] Consequently, there is debate on how much power Hu held personally to effect change. [19], Hu's role in the demonstrations and rioting on 5 March was never made clear. [3] He is a direct descendant of the Ming dynasty general Hu Zongxian, known for fighting Japanese pirates. In the view of the Chinese government, these philosophies, which have created a new "China Model" of governance, serve as a legitimate alternative to the West's "Democracy Model", particularly for developing countries. [17] Some diplomatic analysts linked what they saw as Hu's brutal use of force to the suppression of activists and students in Tiananmen Square, which took place three months later. Its promotion, however, is visible almost everywhere: in classroom posters, banners on the street, and electronic display boards for the preparation of the 2008 Olympics, and World Expo 2010 in Shanghai. Zu dieser Zeit begleitete er Hu Yaobang, den Generalsekretär der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas, auf Reisen durch das Land. An der Universität lernte er auch seine Frau Liu Yongqing kennen, mit der er zwei Kinder hat. 1998 wurde Hu Vizepräsident der Volksrepublik China. [16][17][18][19], Vorsitzende: Assessing China's Heir Apparent: Hu Jintao", "Kuhn, Robert Lawrence: Hu's Political Philosophies", "BBC:China's Leader shows his stripes. In response to the great number of social problems in China, in March 2006, Hu Jintao released the "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" as a set of moral codes to be followed by the Chinese people, and emphasized the need to spread the message to youth. In the speech Hu used a very populist tone to appeal to ordinary Chinese, making serious note of the recent challenges China was facing, especially with regards to income disparity. Trade and contact between the two sides increased significantly during Hu's tenure. Hu Jintao (/huː dʒɪnˈtaʊ/; Chinese: 胡锦涛; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; Mandarin pronunciation: [xǔ tɕìn.tʰáu]; born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician, who was General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, President of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013 and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) from 2004 to 2012. [15], Hu Jintao ist verheiratet und hat zwei Kinder. B. Deng Xiaoping, die Machtübergabe an die darauf folgende Generation vorbereiteten, wurde auch über den übernächsten Machtwechsel beratschlagt. Zuvor hatte sein zehn Jahre älterer Vorgänger Hu Jintao die Position geräumt. [25] Hu's pragmatic, non-ideological agenda had two core values—maintaining social stability to further economic development and sustaining Chinese culture to enrich national sovereignty. Da seine Mutter starb, als Hu sieben Jahre alt war, wurde er als Halbwaise anschließend von einer Tante erzogen. Thereafter Hu immediately turned to a more 'soft' diplomatic approach and opened the way to a thaw in relations between the two sides. Von 2002 bis 2012 war er Generalsekretär der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas und als Vorsitzender der Zentralen Militärkommission der Oberbefehlshaber der Volksbefreiungsarmee und somit „Überragender Führer“ (von Partei, Staat und Armee) der Volksrepublik China. In 1982, Hu was promoted to the position of Communist Youth League Gansu Branch Secretary and was appointed as the director of the All-China Youth Federation. Während dieser Zeit trat er 1964 in die Kommunistische Partei Chinas ein. Some called China's political landscape during Hu's era one of "nine dragons taming the water" (九龙治水), that is, nine PSC members each ruling over their own fief. During his tenure he continued the Party's modernization, calling for both "Advancement" of the Party and its increasing transparency in governance. "Consolidation of the PRC’s leadership succession system from Hu Jintao to Xi Jinping. Die Leitung der Parteischule des Zentralkomitees hatte er ab 1993 als deren Präsident inne. [9] Another protégé of Song, Wen Jiabao, also became prominent at the same time. It has been widely regarded as one of Hu Jintao's ideological solutions to the perceived increasing lack of morality in China after Chinese economic reforms brought in a generation of Chinese predominantly concerned with earning money and power in an increasingly frail social fabric. Jiang resigned as Chairman of the Central Military Commission in September 2004, his last official post. [50] China's Gini coefficient climbed to 0.47 by 2010, indicating a potentially unsustainable gap between the rich and the poor. A number of Tibetans have long been opposed to government policy in the region. 1983 wurde er Vorsitzender des Verbandes. In dieser Zeit traf er seinen künftigen Förderer Song Ping, den ersten Sekretär des Komitees der kommunistischen Partei Gansus. After Chen's re-election in 2004, Hu's government changed tactics, conducting a no-contact policy with Taiwan due to Chen and the DPP's independence leanings and repudiation of the 1992 consensus. Jiang Zemin | [17] Hu experienced high-altitude sickness in June 1990, and returned to Beijing, but remained in his position for another two years, during which Hu achieved little. Hu Jintao (pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo, pronoonced [xǔ tɕìntʰáu]; born 21 December 1942) is an umwhile leader o the fowerth generation o leadership o the Communist Pairty o Cheenae.He wis General Secretary o the Communist Pairty o Cheenae frae 2002 tae 2012, Chairman o the CPC Central Militar Commission frae 2004 tae 2012 an Preses o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae frae 2003 tae 2013. Obama nicht mehr der mächtigste Mensch der Welt: Obama verliert Status als mächtigster Mann der Welt: Generalsekretär der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas, US-Bombardement der chinesischen Botschaft in Belgrad, Kommunistischen Partei der Volksrepublik China, Parteikongresses der Kommunistischen Partei, Managing Stability in the Taiwan Strait: Non-Military Policy towards Taiwan under Hu Jintao, China´s Foreign-and Security-policy Decision-making Processes under Hu Jintao, Remaking the CCP´s Ideology: Determinants, Progress, and Limits under Hu Jintao, Wichtige Reden und Meldungen zu seinen politischen Aktivitäten, Hu Jintao's 'Theory of the Three Harmonies', Förderung der Menschenrechte und Aufbau einer harmonischen Welt, Kabinettsreform verabschiedet: Chinas Präsident bleibt im Amt. [3], Am 15. In addition, the massive corruption scandal that ensnared the military shortly after Hu's departure from office showed that Hu was unable to tackle entrenched interests in the military. Political observers indicate that Hu distinguished himself from his predecessor in both domestic and foreign policy. Seit gut zwei Wochen sind die Parteiführer der KPC nicht mehr öffentlich aufgetreten. [45], It has become a norm for Chinese communist leaders to make their own contributions to Marxist theory. [34] He also sought to increase China's relationship with Japan, which he visited in 2008. [25] The Scientific Development doctrine has been written into the Communist Party and State Constitutions in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Mao Zedong, Vorsitzende der Volksrepublik China: Hua Guofeng | As a result, shortly before his 50th birthday, Hu Jintao became the youngest member of the seven-member Politburo Standing Committee, and one of the youngest PSC members since the Communist Party assumed power in 1949. [47] The Hu administration's inability to rein in the wealth gap and its renewed emphasis on the role of state-owned enterprises in the economy led some economists to believe that Hu missed a critical opportunity for reform and structural adjustment. "Hu Jintao and the CCP’s ideology: A historical perspective. [8][9][10] Ein Jahr darauf wurde er allerdings in der Forbes-Liste nur noch auf Platz drei der mächtigsten Persönlichkeiten gesetzt, wobei US-Präsident Obama erneut den ersten Platz einnahm und der russische Präsident Wladimir Putin auf Rang zwei kam.[11]. ", Xing, Guoxin. [14] Seine Art des Regierens setzte mehr auf technokratische Kompetenz als auf einen stark ausgeprägten Personenkult. Hu Jintao: the mysterious man behind China's 'harmonious society' Hu Jintao’s rise to power in China and style of politics suggests he’s not a liberal or conservative but a pragmatist. Xi fuhr die Reformpolitik seiner Vorgänger wie Hu Jintao zurück und verfolgt eine stärkere „patriotische“ Ideologisierung wie auch eine aggressivere Außen- und Innenpolitik – etwa durch eine stärkere digitale Überwachung der Bevölkerung und ein restriktiveres Vorgehen gegenüber der uigurischen Minderheit. [26] Hu has also been mostly conservative on political reforms during his tenure. Unlike Wen Jiabao, the Premier, he never granted a public one-on-one interview with the media. On the one hand, Hu expressed a flexibility to negotiate on many issues of concern to Taiwan. Ebenso arbeitete er im Sekretariat des Politbüros, das mit dessen Tagespolitik beschäftigt war, wie auch im Medienbereich, wo er insbesondere für die Darstellung des Präsidenten in der Öffentlichkeit zuständig war. Dem Ständigen Ausschuss des Politbüros gehört Hu seit 1992 an. [42] A series of historic meetings between the CCP and KMT have followed. Zhao Ziyang | 1985 wurde Hu Parteisekretär der Provinz Guizhou.